#this will get the data from the csv file we made from python
library(ggplot2)
setwd("/home/eeb177-student/Desktop/eeb-177/homework/canids")
canids <- read.csv("/home/eeb177-student/Desktop/eeb-177/homework/canids/canid-ranges.csv", header =F, as.is = T)
names(canids) <- c("genus", "species", "minage", "maxage")
head(canids)
## genus species minage maxage
## 1 Aelurodon Aelurodon_asthenostylus 14.7850 18.2000
## 2 Aelurodon Aelurodon_ferox 9.2500 14.7850
## 3 Aelurodon Aelurodon_mcgrewi 14.1815 14.7850
## 4 Aelurodon Aelurodon_montanensis 14.7850 14.7850
## 5 Aelurodon Aelurodon_stirtoni 11.9500 14.7850
## 6 Aelurodon Aelurodon_taxoides 7.6000 14.1815
canid_occ <- ggplot(canids, aes( species, ymin = maxage, ymax=minage, colour = genus))
canid_occ <- canid_occ + geom_linerange()
canid_occ <- canid_occ + theme(legend.position="none") # this will get rid of the legend on the graph
canid_occ <- canid_occ + coord_flip() # this will flip the axis to maket he graph go the other direction
canid_occ <- canid_occ + theme(axis.text.y = element_text(size=3)) # makes the text a more readable size
canid_occ <- canid_occ + theme(axis.ticks.y=element_blank()) # removes the tick marks that are present on the y axis
canid_occ <- canid_occ + scale_y_continuous(limits=c(0, 40), expand = c(0, 0), breaks=c(0, 10, 20, 30, 40)) # makes the graph fit more by removing the excess white space
canid_occ <- canid_occ + labs(title = "Canid Fossil Occurrences", x = "Species", y = "Ma ago") + theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5, size=22, face = "bold"), axis.title =element_text(size=20)) # adding in the title and axis labels to the graph
canid_occ
## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values (geom_linerange).
ggsave(filename = "canid-occ.pdf", plot = canid_occ)
## Saving 7 x 5 in image
## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values (geom_linerange).
print("Canids")
## [1] "Canids"
cat("Unique species:", nrow(canids))
## Unique species: 172
genera <- unique(canids$genus)
cat("Number of Genera:", length(genera))
## Number of Genera: 58
# easier to make a new column that will calculate the ranges and then call on the row that has the maximum range
canids$length <- canids$maxage - canids$minage
max_length_species <- which.max(canids$length)
cat(canids[max_length_species,2], canids[max_length_species,5], "Million years")
## Cormocyon_copei 14.3685 Million years
#this will get the data from the csv file we made from python
library(ggplot2)
setwd("/home/eeb177-student/Desktop/eeb-177/homework/canids")
rats <- read.csv("/home/eeb177-student/Desktop/eeb-177/homework/canids/rat-ranges.csv", header =F, as.is = T)
names(rats) <- c("genus", "species", "minage", "maxage")
head(rats)
## genus species minage maxage
## 1 Chaetodipus Chaetodipus_formosus 0.06300 0.06885
## 2 Chaetodipus Chaetodipus_hispidus 0.00585 1.05000
## 3 Chaetodipus Chaetodipus_intermedius 0.06885 1.29400
## 4 Cupidinimus Cupidinimus_avawatzensis 11.95000 11.95000
## 5 Cupidinimus Cupidinimus_bidahochiensis 3.35000 7.60000
## 6 Cupidinimus Cupidinimus_boronensis 14.78500 18.20000
rats_occ <- ggplot(rats, aes( species, ymin = maxage, ymax=minage, colour = genus))
rats_occ <- rats_occ + geom_linerange()
rats_occ <- rats_occ + theme(legend.position="none") # this will get rid of the legend on the graph
rats_occ <- rats_occ + coord_flip() # this will flip the axis to maket he graph go the other direction
rats_occ <- rats_occ + theme(axis.text.y = element_text(size=3)) # makes the text a more readable size
rats_occ <- rats_occ + theme(axis.ticks.y=element_blank()) # removes the tick marks that are present on the y axis
rats_occ <- rats_occ + scale_y_continuous(limits=c(0, 35), expand = c(0, 0), breaks=c(0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40)) # makes the graph fit more by removing the excess white space
rats_occ <- rats_occ + labs(title = "Heteromyidae Fossil Occurrences", x = "Species", y = "Ma ago") + theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5, size=22, face = "bold"), axis.title =element_text(size=20)) # adding in the title and axis labels to the graph
rats_occ
ggsave(filename = "rat-occ.pdf", plot = rats_occ)
## Saving 7 x 5 in image
print("Heteromyidae")
## [1] "Heteromyidae"
cat("Unique species:", nrow(rats))
## Unique species: 100
genera_rat <- unique(rats$genus)
cat("Number of Genera:", length(genera_rat))
## Number of Genera: 21
# easier to make a new column that will calculate the ranges and then call on the row that has the maximum range
rats$length <- rats$maxage - rats$minage
max_length_species <- which.max(rats$length)
cat(rats[max_length_species,2], rats[max_length_species,5], "Million years")
## Harrymys_magnus 9.6 Million years
cats <- read.csv(file = "/home/eeb177-student/Desktop/eeb-177/Class-Work/data/feline-data.csv")
age <- c(4,5,8)
cats <- cbind(cats, age)
newRow <- list("tortoiseshell", 3.3, TRUE, 9)
cats <- rbind(cats, newRow)
levels(cats$coat)
## NULL
levels(cats$coat) <- c(levels(cats$coat), 'tortoiseshell')
cats <- rbind(cats, list("tortoiseshell", 3.3, TRUE, 9))
## Warning in `[<-.factor`(`*tmp*`, ri, value = structure(c("2", "5", "3", :
## invalid factor level, NA generated
cats
## coat weight likes_string age
## calico <NA> 1.0 1 4
## black <NA> 0.0 0 5
## tabby <NA> 2.0 1 8
## 4 tortoiseshell 3.3 1 9
## 5 tortoiseshell 3.3 1 9
str(cats)
## 'data.frame': 5 obs. of 4 variables:
## $ coat : Factor w/ 1 level "tortoiseshell": NA NA NA 1 1
## $ weight : num 1 0 2 3.3 3.3
## $ likes_string: int 1 0 1 1 1
## $ age : num 4 5 8 9 9
cats$coat <- as.character(cats$coat)
str(cats)
## 'data.frame': 5 obs. of 4 variables:
## $ coat : chr NA NA NA "tortoiseshell" ...
## $ weight : num 1 0 2 3.3 3.3
## $ likes_string: int 1 0 1 1 1
## $ age : num 4 5 8 9 9
cats[-4,]
## coat weight likes_string age
## calico <NA> 1.0 1 4
## black <NA> 0.0 0 5
## tabby <NA> 2.0 1 8
## 5 tortoiseshell 3.3 1 9
cats <- na.omit(cats)
cats <- rbind(cats, cats)
cats
## coat weight likes_string age
## 4 tortoiseshell 3.3 1 9
## 5 tortoiseshell 3.3 1 9
## 41 tortoiseshell 3.3 1 9
## 51 tortoiseshell 3.3 1 9
rownames(cats) <- NULL
cats
## coat weight likes_string age
## 1 tortoiseshell 3.3 1 9
## 2 tortoiseshell 3.3 1 9
## 3 tortoiseshell 3.3 1 9
## 4 tortoiseshell 3.3 1 9
df <- data.frame(first = c('Grace'),
last = c('Hopper'),
lucky_number = c(0),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
df <- rbind(df, list('Marie', 'Curie', 238) )
df <- cbind(df, coffeetime = c(TRUE,TRUE))
df
## first last lucky_number coffeetime
## 1 Grace Hopper 0 TRUE
## 2 Marie Curie 238 TRUE
gapminder <- read.csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/swcarpentry/r-novice-gapminder/gh-pages/_episodes_rmd/data/gapminder-FiveYearData.csv")
str(gapminder)
## 'data.frame': 1704 obs. of 6 variables:
## $ country : Factor w/ 142 levels "Afghanistan",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
## $ year : int 1952 1957 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 ...
## $ pop : num 8425333 9240934 10267083 11537966 13079460 ...
## $ continent: Factor w/ 5 levels "Africa","Americas",..: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ...
## $ lifeExp : num 28.8 30.3 32 34 36.1 ...
## $ gdpPercap: num 779 821 853 836 740 ...
typeof(gapminder$year)
## [1] "integer"
typeof(gapminder$country)
## [1] "integer"
str(gapminder$country)
## Factor w/ 142 levels "Afghanistan",..: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ...
length(gapminder)
## [1] 6
typeof(gapminder)
## [1] "list"
dim(gapminder)
## [1] 1704 6
colnames(gapminder)
## [1] "country" "year" "pop" "continent" "lifeExp" "gdpPercap"
head(gapminder)
## country year pop continent lifeExp gdpPercap
## 1 Afghanistan 1952 8425333 Asia 28.801 779.4453
## 2 Afghanistan 1957 9240934 Asia 30.332 820.8530
## 3 Afghanistan 1962 10267083 Asia 31.997 853.1007
## 4 Afghanistan 1967 11537966 Asia 34.020 836.1971
## 5 Afghanistan 1972 13079460 Asia 36.088 739.9811
## 6 Afghanistan 1977 14880372 Asia 38.438 786.1134
gapminder <- read.csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/swcarpentry/r-novice-gapminder/gh-pages/_episodes_rmd/data/gapminder-FiveYearData.csv")
#source(file = "~/scripts/load-gapminder.R")
gapminder is a data frame with columns that read: 1704 rows and 6 columns. Country and Continent are factors. Year is an integer vector. pop, lifeExp and gdpPercap are numeric vectors.
x <- c(5.4, 6.2, 7.1, 4.8, 7.5)
names(x) <- c('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')
x
## a b c d e
## 5.4 6.2 7.1 4.8 7.5
x[1]
## a
## 5.4
x[4]
## d
## 4.8
x[c(1,3)]
## a c
## 5.4 7.1
x[1:4]
## a b c d
## 5.4 6.2 7.1 4.8
x[c(1,1,3)]
## a a c
## 5.4 5.4 7.1
x[6]
## <NA>
## NA
x[0]
## named numeric(0)
x[-2]
## a c d e
## 5.4 7.1 4.8 7.5
x[c(-1, -5)]
## b c d
## 6.2 7.1 4.8
x <- x[-4]
x
## a b c e
## 5.4 6.2 7.1 7.5
x <- c(5.4, 6.2, 7.1, 4.8, 7.5)
names(x) <- c('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')
print(x)
## a b c d e
## 5.4 6.2 7.1 4.8 7.5
x[2:4]
## b c d
## 6.2 7.1 4.8
x[-c(1,5)]
## b c d
## 6.2 7.1 4.8
x[c("b", "c", "d")]
## b c d
## 6.2 7.1 4.8
x[c(2,3,4)]
## b c d
## 6.2 7.1 4.8
x[c("a", "c")]
## a c
## 5.4 7.1
x[-which(names(x) == "a")]
## b c d e
## 6.2 7.1 4.8 7.5
names(x) == "a"
## [1] TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
which(names(x) == "a")
## [1] 1
x[-which(names(x) %in% c("a", "c"))]
## b d e
## 6.2 4.8 7.5
x <- c(5.4, 6.2, 7.1, 4.8, 7.5)
names(x) <- c('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')
print(x)
## a b c d e
## 5.4 6.2 7.1 4.8 7.5
x[-which(names(x) == "g")]
## named numeric(0)
if there are no TRUE values passed to which, an empty vector is returned integer() is an empty vector
names(x) <- c('a', 'a', 'a')
x['a']
## a
## 5.4
x[which(names(x) == 'a')]
## a a a
## 5.4 6.2 7.1
names(x) == c('a', 'c', 'e')
## Warning in names(x) == c("a", "c", "e"): longer object length is not a
## multiple of shorter object length
## [1] TRUE FALSE FALSE NA NA
x[c(TRUE, TRUE, FALSE, FALSE)]
## a a <NA>
## 5.4 6.2 7.5
x[c(TRUE, FALSE)]
## a a <NA>
## 5.4 7.1 7.5
x[x > 7]
## a <NA>
## 7.1 7.5
x <- c(5.4, 6.2, 7.1, 4.8, 7.5)
names(x) <- c('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')
print(x)
## a b c d e
## 5.4 6.2 7.1 4.8 7.5
x_subset <- x[x<7 & x>4]
print(x_subset)
## a b d
## 5.4 6.2 4.8
f <- factor(c("a", "a", "b", "c", "c", "d"))
f[f == "a"]
## [1] a a
## Levels: a b c d
f[f %in% c("b", "c")]
## [1] b c c
## Levels: a b c d
f[1:3]
## [1] a a b
## Levels: a b c d
f[-3]
## [1] a a c c d
## Levels: a b c d
set.seed(1)
m <- matrix(rnorm(6*4), ncol=4, nrow=6)
m[3:4, c(3,1)]
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] 1.12493092 -0.8356286
## [2,] -0.04493361 1.5952808
m[, c(3,4)]
## [,1] [,2]
## [1,] -0.62124058 0.82122120
## [2,] -2.21469989 0.59390132
## [3,] 1.12493092 0.91897737
## [4,] -0.04493361 0.78213630
## [5,] -0.01619026 0.07456498
## [6,] 0.94383621 -1.98935170
m[3,]
## [1] -0.8356286 0.5757814 1.1249309 0.9189774
m[3, , drop=FALSE]
## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
## [1,] -0.8356286 0.5757814 1.124931 0.9189774
m[5]
## [1] 0.3295078
matrix(1:6, nrow=2, ncol=3)
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 1 3 5
## [2,] 2 4 6
matrix(1:6, nrow=2, ncol=3, byrow=TRUE)
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 1 2 3
## [2,] 4 5 6
m <- matrix(1:18, nrow=3, ncol=6)
print(m)
## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6]
## [1,] 1 4 7 10 13 16
## [2,] 2 5 8 11 14 17
## [3,] 3 6 9 12 15 18
m[2,c(4,5)] will extract the values 11 and 14.
xlist <- list(a = "Software Carpentry", b = 1:10, data = head(iris))
xlist[1]
## $a
## [1] "Software Carpentry"
xlist[1:2]
## $a
## [1] "Software Carpentry"
##
## $b
## [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
xlist[[1]]
## [1] "Software Carpentry"
xlist[["a"]]
## [1] "Software Carpentry"
xlist$data
## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa
xlist <- list(a = "Software Carpentry", b = 1:10, data = head(iris))
xlist[[2]][2]
## [1] 2
mod <- aov(pop ~ lifeExp, data=gapminder)
attributes(mod)
## $names
## [1] "coefficients" "residuals" "effects" "rank"
## [5] "fitted.values" "assign" "qr" "df.residual"
## [9] "xlevels" "call" "terms" "model"
##
## $class
## [1] "aov" "lm"
mod$df.residual
## [1] 1702
head(gapminder[3])
## pop
## 1 8425333
## 2 9240934
## 3 10267083
## 4 11537966
## 5 13079460
## 6 14880372
head(gapminder[["lifeExp"]])
## [1] 28.801 30.332 31.997 34.020 36.088 38.438
head(gapminder$year)
## [1] 1952 1957 1962 1967 1972 1977
gapminder[1:3,]
## country year pop continent lifeExp gdpPercap
## 1 Afghanistan 1952 8425333 Asia 28.801 779.4453
## 2 Afghanistan 1957 9240934 Asia 30.332 820.8530
## 3 Afghanistan 1962 10267083 Asia 31.997 853.1007
gapminder[3,]
## country year pop continent lifeExp gdpPercap
## 3 Afghanistan 1962 10267083 Asia 31.997 853.1007
gapminder[gapminder$year == 1957,]
## country year pop continent lifeExp
## 2 Afghanistan 1957 9240934 Asia 30.33200
## 14 Albania 1957 1476505 Europe 59.28000
## 26 Algeria 1957 10270856 Africa 45.68500
## 38 Angola 1957 4561361 Africa 31.99900
## 50 Argentina 1957 19610538 Americas 64.39900
## 62 Australia 1957 9712569 Oceania 70.33000
## 74 Austria 1957 6965860 Europe 67.48000
## 86 Bahrain 1957 138655 Asia 53.83200
## 98 Bangladesh 1957 51365468 Asia 39.34800
## 110 Belgium 1957 8989111 Europe 69.24000
## 122 Benin 1957 1925173 Africa 40.35800
## 134 Bolivia 1957 3211738 Americas 41.89000
## 146 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1957 3076000 Europe 58.45000
## 158 Botswana 1957 474639 Africa 49.61800
## 170 Brazil 1957 65551171 Americas 53.28500
## 182 Bulgaria 1957 7651254 Europe 66.61000
## 194 Burkina Faso 1957 4713416 Africa 34.90600
## 206 Burundi 1957 2667518 Africa 40.53300
## 218 Cambodia 1957 5322536 Asia 41.36600
## 230 Cameroon 1957 5359923 Africa 40.42800
## 242 Canada 1957 17010154 Americas 69.96000
## 254 Central African Republic 1957 1392284 Africa 37.46400
## 266 Chad 1957 2894855 Africa 39.88100
## 278 Chile 1957 7048426 Americas 56.07400
## 290 China 1957 637408000 Asia 50.54896
## 302 Colombia 1957 14485993 Americas 55.11800
## 314 Comoros 1957 170928 Africa 42.46000
## 326 Congo Dem. Rep. 1957 15577932 Africa 40.65200
## 338 Congo Rep. 1957 940458 Africa 45.05300
## 350 Costa Rica 1957 1112300 Americas 60.02600
## 362 Cote d'Ivoire 1957 3300000 Africa 42.46900
## 374 Croatia 1957 3991242 Europe 64.77000
## 386 Cuba 1957 6640752 Americas 62.32500
## 398 Czech Republic 1957 9513758 Europe 69.03000
## 410 Denmark 1957 4487831 Europe 71.81000
## 422 Djibouti 1957 71851 Africa 37.32800
## 434 Dominican Republic 1957 2923186 Americas 49.82800
## 446 Ecuador 1957 4058385 Americas 51.35600
## 458 Egypt 1957 25009741 Africa 44.44400
## 470 El Salvador 1957 2355805 Americas 48.57000
## 482 Equatorial Guinea 1957 232922 Africa 35.98300
## 494 Eritrea 1957 1542611 Africa 38.04700
## 506 Ethiopia 1957 22815614 Africa 36.66700
## 518 Finland 1957 4324000 Europe 67.49000
## 530 France 1957 44310863 Europe 68.93000
## 542 Gabon 1957 434904 Africa 38.99900
## 554 Gambia 1957 323150 Africa 32.06500
## 566 Germany 1957 71019069 Europe 69.10000
## 578 Ghana 1957 6391288 Africa 44.77900
## 590 Greece 1957 8096218 Europe 67.86000
## 602 Guatemala 1957 3640876 Americas 44.14200
## 614 Guinea 1957 2876726 Africa 34.55800
## 626 Guinea-Bissau 1957 601095 Africa 33.48900
## 638 Haiti 1957 3507701 Americas 40.69600
## 650 Honduras 1957 1770390 Americas 44.66500
## 662 Hong Kong China 1957 2736300 Asia 64.75000
## 674 Hungary 1957 9839000 Europe 66.41000
## 686 Iceland 1957 165110 Europe 73.47000
## 698 India 1957 409000000 Asia 40.24900
## 710 Indonesia 1957 90124000 Asia 39.91800
## 722 Iran 1957 19792000 Asia 47.18100
## 734 Iraq 1957 6248643 Asia 48.43700
## 746 Ireland 1957 2878220 Europe 68.90000
## 758 Israel 1957 1944401 Asia 67.84000
## 770 Italy 1957 49182000 Europe 67.81000
## 782 Jamaica 1957 1535090 Americas 62.61000
## 794 Japan 1957 91563009 Asia 65.50000
## 806 Jordan 1957 746559 Asia 45.66900
## 818 Kenya 1957 7454779 Africa 44.68600
## 830 Korea Dem. Rep. 1957 9411381 Asia 54.08100
## 842 Korea Rep. 1957 22611552 Asia 52.68100
## 854 Kuwait 1957 212846 Asia 58.03300
## 866 Lebanon 1957 1647412 Asia 59.48900
## 878 Lesotho 1957 813338 Africa 45.04700
## 890 Liberia 1957 975950 Africa 39.48600
## 902 Libya 1957 1201578 Africa 45.28900
## 914 Madagascar 1957 5181679 Africa 38.86500
## 926 Malawi 1957 3221238 Africa 37.20700
## 938 Malaysia 1957 7739235 Asia 52.10200
## 950 Mali 1957 4241884 Africa 35.30700
## 962 Mauritania 1957 1076852 Africa 42.33800
## 974 Mauritius 1957 609816 Africa 58.08900
## 986 Mexico 1957 35015548 Americas 55.19000
## 998 Mongolia 1957 882134 Asia 45.24800
## 1010 Montenegro 1957 442829 Europe 61.44800
## 1022 Morocco 1957 11406350 Africa 45.42300
## 1034 Mozambique 1957 7038035 Africa 33.77900
## 1046 Myanmar 1957 21731844 Asia 41.90500
## 1058 Namibia 1957 548080 Africa 45.22600
## 1070 Nepal 1957 9682338 Asia 37.68600
## 1082 Netherlands 1957 11026383 Europe 72.99000
## 1094 New Zealand 1957 2229407 Oceania 70.26000
## 1106 Nicaragua 1957 1358828 Americas 45.43200
## 1118 Niger 1957 3692184 Africa 38.59800
## 1130 Nigeria 1957 37173340 Africa 37.80200
## 1142 Norway 1957 3491938 Europe 73.44000
## 1154 Oman 1957 561977 Asia 40.08000
## 1166 Pakistan 1957 46679944 Asia 45.55700
## 1178 Panama 1957 1063506 Americas 59.20100
## 1190 Paraguay 1957 1770902 Americas 63.19600
## 1202 Peru 1957 9146100 Americas 46.26300
## 1214 Philippines 1957 26072194 Asia 51.33400
## 1226 Poland 1957 28235346 Europe 65.77000
## 1238 Portugal 1957 8817650 Europe 61.51000
## 1250 Puerto Rico 1957 2260000 Americas 68.54000
## 1262 Reunion 1957 308700 Africa 55.09000
## 1274 Romania 1957 17829327 Europe 64.10000
## 1286 Rwanda 1957 2822082 Africa 41.50000
## 1298 Sao Tome and Principe 1957 61325 Africa 48.94500
## 1310 Saudi Arabia 1957 4419650 Asia 42.86800
## 1322 Senegal 1957 3054547 Africa 39.32900
## 1334 Serbia 1957 7271135 Europe 61.68500
## 1346 Sierra Leone 1957 2295678 Africa 31.57000
## 1358 Singapore 1957 1445929 Asia 63.17900
## 1370 Slovak Republic 1957 3844277 Europe 67.45000
## 1382 Slovenia 1957 1533070 Europe 67.85000
## 1394 Somalia 1957 2780415 Africa 34.97700
## 1406 South Africa 1957 16151549 Africa 47.98500
## 1418 Spain 1957 29841614 Europe 66.66000
## 1430 Sri Lanka 1957 9128546 Asia 61.45600
## 1442 Sudan 1957 9753392 Africa 39.62400
## 1454 Swaziland 1957 326741 Africa 43.42400
## 1466 Sweden 1957 7363802 Europe 72.49000
## 1478 Switzerland 1957 5126000 Europe 70.56000
## 1490 Syria 1957 4149908 Asia 48.28400
## 1502 Taiwan 1957 10164215 Asia 62.40000
## 1514 Tanzania 1957 9452826 Africa 42.97400
## 1526 Thailand 1957 25041917 Asia 53.63000
## 1538 Togo 1957 1357445 Africa 41.20800
## 1550 Trinidad and Tobago 1957 764900 Americas 61.80000
## 1562 Tunisia 1957 3950849 Africa 47.10000
## 1574 Turkey 1957 25670939 Europe 48.07900
## 1586 Uganda 1957 6675501 Africa 42.57100
## 1598 United Kingdom 1957 51430000 Europe 70.42000
## 1610 United States 1957 171984000 Americas 69.49000
## 1622 Uruguay 1957 2424959 Americas 67.04400
## 1634 Venezuela 1957 6702668 Americas 57.90700
## 1646 Vietnam 1957 28998543 Asia 42.88700
## 1658 West Bank and Gaza 1957 1070439 Asia 45.67100
## 1670 Yemen Rep. 1957 5498090 Asia 33.97000
## 1682 Zambia 1957 3016000 Africa 44.07700
## 1694 Zimbabwe 1957 3646340 Africa 50.46900
## gdpPercap
## 2 820.8530
## 14 1942.2842
## 26 3013.9760
## 38 3827.9405
## 50 6856.8562
## 62 10949.6496
## 74 8842.5980
## 86 11635.7995
## 98 661.6375
## 110 9714.9606
## 122 959.6011
## 134 2127.6863
## 146 1353.9892
## 158 918.2325
## 170 2487.3660
## 182 3008.6707
## 194 617.1835
## 206 379.5646
## 218 434.0383
## 230 1313.0481
## 242 12489.9501
## 254 1190.8443
## 266 1308.4956
## 278 4315.6227
## 290 575.9870
## 302 2323.8056
## 314 1211.1485
## 326 905.8602
## 338 2315.0566
## 350 2990.0108
## 362 1500.8959
## 374 4338.2316
## 386 6092.1744
## 398 8256.3439
## 410 11099.6593
## 422 2864.9691
## 434 1544.4030
## 446 3780.5467
## 458 1458.9153
## 470 3421.5232
## 482 426.0964
## 494 344.1619
## 506 378.9042
## 518 7545.4154
## 530 8662.8349
## 542 4976.1981
## 554 520.9267
## 566 10187.8267
## 578 1043.5615
## 590 4916.2999
## 602 2617.1560
## 614 576.2670
## 626 431.7905
## 638 1726.8879
## 650 2220.4877
## 662 3629.0765
## 674 6040.1800
## 686 9244.0014
## 698 590.0620
## 710 858.9003
## 722 3290.2576
## 734 6229.3336
## 746 5599.0779
## 758 5385.2785
## 770 6248.6562
## 782 4756.5258
## 794 4317.6944
## 806 1886.0806
## 818 944.4383
## 830 1571.1347
## 842 1487.5935
## 854 113523.1329
## 866 6089.7869
## 878 335.9971
## 890 620.9700
## 902 3448.2844
## 914 1589.2027
## 926 416.3698
## 938 1810.0670
## 950 490.3822
## 962 846.1203
## 974 2034.0380
## 986 4131.5466
## 998 912.6626
## 1010 3682.2599
## 1022 1642.0023
## 1034 495.5868
## 1046 350.0000
## 1058 2621.4481
## 1070 597.9364
## 1082 11276.1934
## 1094 12247.3953
## 1106 3457.4159
## 1118 835.5234
## 1130 1100.5926
## 1142 11653.9730
## 1154 2242.7466
## 1166 747.0835
## 1178 2961.8009
## 1190 2046.1547
## 1202 4245.2567
## 1214 1547.9448
## 1226 4734.2530
## 1238 3774.5717
## 1250 3907.1562
## 1262 2769.4518
## 1274 3943.3702
## 1286 540.2894
## 1298 860.7369
## 1310 8157.5912
## 1322 1567.6530
## 1334 4981.0909
## 1346 1004.4844
## 1358 2843.1044
## 1370 6093.2630
## 1382 5862.2766
## 1394 1258.1474
## 1406 5487.1042
## 1418 4564.8024
## 1430 1072.5466
## 1442 1770.3371
## 1454 1244.7084
## 1466 9911.8782
## 1478 17909.4897
## 1490 2117.2349
## 1502 1507.8613
## 1514 698.5356
## 1526 793.5774
## 1538 925.9083
## 1550 4100.3934
## 1562 1395.2325
## 1574 2218.7543
## 1586 774.3711
## 1598 11283.1779
## 1610 14847.1271
## 1622 6150.7730
## 1634 9802.4665
## 1646 676.2854
## 1658 1827.0677
## 1670 804.8305
## 1682 1311.9568
## 1694 518.7643
gapminder[,-c(1:4)]
## lifeExp gdpPercap
## 1 28.80100 779.4453
## 2 30.33200 820.8530
## 3 31.99700 853.1007
## 4 34.02000 836.1971
## 5 36.08800 739.9811
## 6 38.43800 786.1134
## 7 39.85400 978.0114
## 8 40.82200 852.3959
## 9 41.67400 649.3414
## 10 41.76300 635.3414
## 11 42.12900 726.7341
## 12 43.82800 974.5803
## 13 55.23000 1601.0561
## 14 59.28000 1942.2842
## 15 64.82000 2312.8890
## 16 66.22000 2760.1969
## 17 67.69000 3313.4222
## 18 68.93000 3533.0039
## 19 70.42000 3630.8807
## 20 72.00000 3738.9327
## 21 71.58100 2497.4379
## 22 72.95000 3193.0546
## 23 75.65100 4604.2117
## 24 76.42300 5937.0295
## 25 43.07700 2449.0082
## 26 45.68500 3013.9760
## 27 48.30300 2550.8169
## 28 51.40700 3246.9918
## 29 54.51800 4182.6638
## 30 58.01400 4910.4168
## 31 61.36800 5745.1602
## 32 65.79900 5681.3585
## 33 67.74400 5023.2166
## 34 69.15200 4797.2951
## 35 70.99400 5288.0404
## 36 72.30100 6223.3675
## 37 30.01500 3520.6103
## 38 31.99900 3827.9405
## 39 34.00000 4269.2767
## 40 35.98500 5522.7764
## 41 37.92800 5473.2880
## 42 39.48300 3008.6474
## 43 39.94200 2756.9537
## 44 39.90600 2430.2083
## 45 40.64700 2627.8457
## 46 40.96300 2277.1409
## 47 41.00300 2773.2873
## 48 42.73100 4797.2313
## 49 62.48500 5911.3151
## 50 64.39900 6856.8562
## 51 65.14200 7133.1660
## 52 65.63400 8052.9530
## 53 67.06500 9443.0385
## 54 68.48100 10079.0267
## 55 69.94200 8997.8974
## 56 70.77400 9139.6714
## 57 71.86800 9308.4187
## 58 73.27500 10967.2820
## 59 74.34000 8797.6407
## 60 75.32000 12779.3796
## 61 69.12000 10039.5956
## 62 70.33000 10949.6496
## 63 70.93000 12217.2269
## 64 71.10000 14526.1246
## 65 71.93000 16788.6295
## 66 73.49000 18334.1975
## 67 74.74000 19477.0093
## 68 76.32000 21888.8890
## 69 77.56000 23424.7668
## 70 78.83000 26997.9366
## 71 80.37000 30687.7547
## 72 81.23500 34435.3674
## 73 66.80000 6137.0765
## 74 67.48000 8842.5980
## 75 69.54000 10750.7211
## 76 70.14000 12834.6024
## 77 70.63000 16661.6256
## 78 72.17000 19749.4223
## 79 73.18000 21597.0836
## 80 74.94000 23687.8261
## 81 76.04000 27042.0187
## 82 77.51000 29095.9207
## 83 78.98000 32417.6077
## 84 79.82900 36126.4927
## 85 50.93900 9867.0848
## 86 53.83200 11635.7995
## 87 56.92300 12753.2751
## 88 59.92300 14804.6727
## 89 63.30000 18268.6584
## 90 65.59300 19340.1020
## 91 69.05200 19211.1473
## 92 70.75000 18524.0241
## 93 72.60100 19035.5792
## 94 73.92500 20292.0168
## 95 74.79500 23403.5593
## 96 75.63500 29796.0483
## 97 37.48400 684.2442
## 98 39.34800 661.6375
## 99 41.21600 686.3416
## 100 43.45300 721.1861
## 101 45.25200 630.2336
## 102 46.92300 659.8772
## 103 50.00900 676.9819
## 104 52.81900 751.9794
## 105 56.01800 837.8102
## 106 59.41200 972.7700
## 107 62.01300 1136.3904
## 108 64.06200 1391.2538
## 109 68.00000 8343.1051
## 110 69.24000 9714.9606
## 111 70.25000 10991.2068
## 112 70.94000 13149.0412
## 113 71.44000 16672.1436
## 114 72.80000 19117.9745
## 115 73.93000 20979.8459
## 116 75.35000 22525.5631
## 117 76.46000 25575.5707
## 118 77.53000 27561.1966
## 119 78.32000 30485.8838
## 120 79.44100 33692.6051
## 121 38.22300 1062.7522
## 122 40.35800 959.6011
## 123 42.61800 949.4991
## 124 44.88500 1035.8314
## 125 47.01400 1085.7969
## 126 49.19000 1029.1613
## 127 50.90400 1277.8976
## 128 52.33700 1225.8560
## 129 53.91900 1191.2077
## 130 54.77700 1232.9753
## 131 54.40600 1372.8779
## 132 56.72800 1441.2849
## 133 40.41400 2677.3263
## 134 41.89000 2127.6863
## 135 43.42800 2180.9725
## 136 45.03200 2586.8861
## 137 46.71400 2980.3313
## 138 50.02300 3548.0978
## 139 53.85900 3156.5105
## 140 57.25100 2753.6915
## 141 59.95700 2961.6997
## 142 62.05000 3326.1432
## 143 63.88300 3413.2627
## 144 65.55400 3822.1371
## 145 53.82000 973.5332
## 146 58.45000 1353.9892
## 147 61.93000 1709.6837
## 148 64.79000 2172.3524
## 149 67.45000 2860.1698
## 150 69.86000 3528.4813
## 151 70.69000 4126.6132
## 152 71.14000 4314.1148
## 153 72.17800 2546.7814
## 154 73.24400 4766.3559
## 155 74.09000 6018.9752
## 156 74.85200 7446.2988
## 157 47.62200 851.2411
## 158 49.61800 918.2325
## 159 51.52000 983.6540
## 160 53.29800 1214.7093
## 161 56.02400 2263.6111
## 162 59.31900 3214.8578
## 163 61.48400 4551.1421
## 164 63.62200 6205.8839
## 165 62.74500 7954.1116
## 166 52.55600 8647.1423
## 167 46.63400 11003.6051
## 168 50.72800 12569.8518
## 169 50.91700 2108.9444
## 170 53.28500 2487.3660
## 171 55.66500 3336.5858
## 172 57.63200 3429.8644
## 173 59.50400 4985.7115
## 174 61.48900 6660.1187
## 175 63.33600 7030.8359
## 176 65.20500 7807.0958
## 177 67.05700 6950.2830
## 178 69.38800 7957.9808
## 179 71.00600 8131.2128
## 180 72.39000 9065.8008
## 181 59.60000 2444.2866
## 182 66.61000 3008.6707
## 183 69.51000 4254.3378
## 184 70.42000 5577.0028
## 185 70.90000 6597.4944
## 186 70.81000 7612.2404
## 187 71.08000 8224.1916
## 188 71.34000 8239.8548
## 189 71.19000 6302.6234
## 190 70.32000 5970.3888
## 191 72.14000 7696.7777
## 192 73.00500 10680.7928
## 193 31.97500 543.2552
## 194 34.90600 617.1835
## 195 37.81400 722.5120
## 196 40.69700 794.8266
## 197 43.59100 854.7360
## 198 46.13700 743.3870
## 199 48.12200 807.1986
## 200 49.55700 912.0631
## 201 50.26000 931.7528
## 202 50.32400 946.2950
## 203 50.65000 1037.6452
## 204 52.29500 1217.0330
## 205 39.03100 339.2965
## 206 40.53300 379.5646
## 207 42.04500 355.2032
## 208 43.54800 412.9775
## 209 44.05700 464.0995
## 210 45.91000 556.1033
## 211 47.47100 559.6032
## 212 48.21100 621.8188
## 213 44.73600 631.6999
## 214 45.32600 463.1151
## 215 47.36000 446.4035
## 216 49.58000 430.0707
## 217 39.41700 368.4693
## 218 41.36600 434.0383
## 219 43.41500 496.9136
## 220 45.41500 523.4323
## 221 40.31700 421.6240
## 222 31.22000 524.9722
## 223 50.95700 624.4755
## 224 53.91400 683.8956
## 225 55.80300 682.3032
## 226 56.53400 734.2852
## 227 56.75200 896.2260
## 228 59.72300 1713.7787
## 229 38.52300 1172.6677
## 230 40.42800 1313.0481
## 231 42.64300 1399.6074
## 232 44.79900 1508.4531
## 233 47.04900 1684.1465
## 234 49.35500 1783.4329
## 235 52.96100 2367.9833
## 236 54.98500 2602.6642
## 237 54.31400 1793.1633
## 238 52.19900 1694.3375
## 239 49.85600 1934.0114
## 240 50.43000 2042.0952
## 241 68.75000 11367.1611
## 242 69.96000 12489.9501
## 243 71.30000 13462.4855
## 244 72.13000 16076.5880
## 245 72.88000 18970.5709
## 246 74.21000 22090.8831
## 247 75.76000 22898.7921
## 248 76.86000 26626.5150
## 249 77.95000 26342.8843
## 250 78.61000 28954.9259
## 251 79.77000 33328.9651
## 252 80.65300 36319.2350
## 253 35.46300 1071.3107
## 254 37.46400 1190.8443
## 255 39.47500 1193.0688
## 256 41.47800 1136.0566
## 257 43.45700 1070.0133
## 258 46.77500 1109.3743
## 259 48.29500 956.7530
## 260 50.48500 844.8764
## 261 49.39600 747.9055
## 262 46.06600 740.5063
## 263 43.30800 738.6906
## 264 44.74100 706.0165
## 265 38.09200 1178.6659
## 266 39.88100 1308.4956
## 267 41.71600 1389.8176
## 268 43.60100 1196.8106
## 269 45.56900 1104.1040
## 270 47.38300 1133.9850
## 271 49.51700 797.9081
## 272 51.05100 952.3861
## 273 51.72400 1058.0643
## 274 51.57300 1004.9614
## 275 50.52500 1156.1819
## 276 50.65100 1704.0637
## 277 54.74500 3939.9788
## 278 56.07400 4315.6227
## 279 57.92400 4519.0943
## 280 60.52300 5106.6543
## 281 63.44100 5494.0244
## 282 67.05200 4756.7638
## 283 70.56500 5095.6657
## 284 72.49200 5547.0638
## 285 74.12600 7596.1260
## 286 75.81600 10118.0532
## 287 77.86000 10778.7838
## 288 78.55300 13171.6388
## 289 44.00000 400.4486
## 290 50.54896 575.9870
## 291 44.50136 487.6740
## 292 58.38112 612.7057
## 293 63.11888 676.9001
## 294 63.96736 741.2375
## 295 65.52500 962.4214
## 296 67.27400 1378.9040
## 297 68.69000 1655.7842
## 298 70.42600 2289.2341
## 299 72.02800 3119.2809
## 300 72.96100 4959.1149
## 301 50.64300 2144.1151
## 302 55.11800 2323.8056
## 303 57.86300 2492.3511
## 304 59.96300 2678.7298
## 305 61.62300 3264.6600
## 306 63.83700 3815.8079
## 307 66.65300 4397.5757
## 308 67.76800 4903.2191
## 309 68.42100 5444.6486
## 310 70.31300 6117.3617
## 311 71.68200 5755.2600
## 312 72.88900 7006.5804
## 313 40.71500 1102.9909
## 314 42.46000 1211.1485
## 315 44.46700 1406.6483
## 316 46.47200 1876.0296
## 317 48.94400 1937.5777
## 318 50.93900 1172.6030
## 319 52.93300 1267.1001
## 320 54.92600 1315.9808
## 321 57.93900 1246.9074
## 322 60.66000 1173.6182
## 323 62.97400 1075.8116
## 324 65.15200 986.1479
## 325 39.14300 780.5423
## 326 40.65200 905.8602
## 327 42.12200 896.3146
## 328 44.05600 861.5932
## 329 45.98900 904.8961
## 330 47.80400 795.7573
## 331 47.78400 673.7478
## 332 47.41200 672.7748
## 333 45.54800 457.7192
## 334 42.58700 312.1884
## 335 44.96600 241.1659
## 336 46.46200 277.5519
## 337 42.11100 2125.6214
## 338 45.05300 2315.0566
## 339 48.43500 2464.7832
## 340 52.04000 2677.9396
## 341 54.90700 3213.1527
## 342 55.62500 3259.1790
## 343 56.69500 4879.5075
## 344 57.47000 4201.1949
## 345 56.43300 4016.2395
## 346 52.96200 3484.1644
## 347 52.97000 3484.0620
## 348 55.32200 3632.5578
## 349 57.20600 2627.0095
## 350 60.02600 2990.0108
## 351 62.84200 3460.9370
## 352 65.42400 4161.7278
## 353 67.84900 5118.1469
## 354 70.75000 5926.8770
## 355 73.45000 5262.7348
## 356 74.75200 5629.9153
## 357 75.71300 6160.4163
## 358 77.26000 6677.0453
## 359 78.12300 7723.4472
## 360 78.78200 9645.0614
## 361 40.47700 1388.5947
## 362 42.46900 1500.8959
## 363 44.93000 1728.8694
## 364 47.35000 2052.0505
## 365 49.80100 2378.2011
## 366 52.37400 2517.7365
## 367 53.98300 2602.7102
## 368 54.65500 2156.9561
## 369 52.04400 1648.0738
## 370 47.99100 1786.2654
## 371 46.83200 1648.8008
## 372 48.32800 1544.7501
## 373 61.21000 3119.2365
## 374 64.77000 4338.2316
## 375 67.13000 5477.8900
## 376 68.50000 6960.2979
## 377 69.61000 9164.0901
## 378 70.64000 11305.3852
## 379 70.46000 13221.8218
## 380 71.52000 13822.5839
## 381 72.52700 8447.7949
## 382 73.68000 9875.6045
## 383 74.87600 11628.3890
## 384 75.74800 14619.2227
## 385 59.42100 5586.5388
## 386 62.32500 6092.1744
## 387 65.24600 5180.7559
## 388 68.29000 5690.2680
## 389 70.72300 5305.4453
## 390 72.64900 6380.4950
## 391 73.71700 7316.9181
## 392 74.17400 7532.9248
## 393 74.41400 5592.8440
## 394 76.15100 5431.9904
## 395 77.15800 6340.6467
## 396 78.27300 8948.1029
## 397 66.87000 6876.1403
## 398 69.03000 8256.3439
## 399 69.90000 10136.8671
## 400 70.38000 11399.4449
## 401 70.29000 13108.4536
## 402 70.71000 14800.1606
## 403 70.96000 15377.2285
## 404 71.58000 16310.4434
## 405 72.40000 14297.0212
## 406 74.01000 16048.5142
## 407 75.51000 17596.2102
## 408 76.48600 22833.3085
## 409 70.78000 9692.3852
## 410 71.81000 11099.6593
## 411 72.35000 13583.3135
## 412 72.96000 15937.2112
## 413 73.47000 18866.2072
## 414 74.69000 20422.9015
## 415 74.63000 21688.0405
## 416 74.80000 25116.1758
## 417 75.33000 26406.7399
## 418 76.11000 29804.3457
## 419 77.18000 32166.5001
## 420 78.33200 35278.4187
## 421 34.81200 2669.5295
## 422 37.32800 2864.9691
## 423 39.69300 3020.9893
## 424 42.07400 3020.0505
## 425 44.36600 3694.2124
## 426 46.51900 3081.7610
## 427 48.81200 2879.4681
## 428 50.04000 2880.1026
## 429 51.60400 2377.1562
## 430 53.15700 1895.0170
## 431 53.37300 1908.2609
## 432 54.79100 2082.4816
## 433 45.92800 1397.7171
## 434 49.82800 1544.4030
## 435 53.45900 1662.1374
## 436 56.75100 1653.7230
## 437 59.63100 2189.8745
## 438 61.78800 2681.9889
## 439 63.72700 2861.0924
## 440 66.04600 2899.8422
## 441 68.45700 3044.2142
## 442 69.95700 3614.1013
## 443 70.84700 4563.8082
## 444 72.23500 6025.3748
## 445 48.35700 3522.1107
## 446 51.35600 3780.5467
## 447 54.64000 4086.1141
## 448 56.67800 4579.0742
## 449 58.79600 5280.9947
## 450 61.31000 6679.6233
## 451 64.34200 7213.7913
## 452 67.23100 6481.7770
## 453 69.61300 7103.7026
## 454 72.31200 7429.4559
## 455 74.17300 5773.0445
## 456 74.99400 6873.2623
## 457 41.89300 1418.8224
## 458 44.44400 1458.9153
## 459 46.99200 1693.3359
## 460 49.29300 1814.8807
## 461 51.13700 2024.0081
## 462 53.31900 2785.4936
## 463 56.00600 3503.7296
## 464 59.79700 3885.4607
## 465 63.67400 3794.7552
## 466 67.21700 4173.1818
## 467 69.80600 4754.6044
## 468 71.33800 5581.1810
## 469 45.26200 3048.3029
## 470 48.57000 3421.5232
## 471 52.30700 3776.8036
## 472 55.85500 4358.5954
## 473 58.20700 4520.2460
## 474 56.69600 5138.9224
## 475 56.60400 4098.3442
## 476 63.15400 4140.4421
## 477 66.79800 4444.2317
## 478 69.53500 5154.8255
## 479 70.73400 5351.5687
## 480 71.87800 5728.3535
## 481 34.48200 375.6431
## 482 35.98300 426.0964
## 483 37.48500 582.8420
## 484 38.98700 915.5960
## 485 40.51600 672.4123
## 486 42.02400 958.5668
## 487 43.66200 927.8253
## 488 45.66400 966.8968
## 489 47.54500 1132.0550
## 490 48.24500 2814.4808
## 491 49.34800 7703.4959
## 492 51.57900 12154.0897
## 493 35.92800 328.9406
## 494 38.04700 344.1619
## 495 40.15800 380.9958
## 496 42.18900 468.7950
## 497 44.14200 514.3242
## 498 44.53500 505.7538
## 499 43.89000 524.8758
## 500 46.45300 521.1341
## 501 49.99100 582.8585
## 502 53.37800 913.4708
## 503 55.24000 765.3500
## 504 58.04000 641.3695
## 505 34.07800 362.1463
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## 510 44.51000 556.8084
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## 518 67.49000 7545.4154
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## 521 70.87000 14358.8759
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## 524 74.83000 21141.0122
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## 534 73.83000 18292.6351
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## 536 76.34000 22066.4421
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## 539 79.59000 28926.0323
## 540 80.65700 30470.0167
## 541 37.00300 4293.4765
## 542 38.99900 4976.1981
## 543 40.48900 6631.4592
## 544 44.59800 8358.7620
## 545 48.69000 11401.9484
## 546 52.79000 21745.5733
## 547 56.56400 15113.3619
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## 1153 37.57800 1828.2303
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## 1159 62.72800 12954.7910
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## 1161 71.19700 18616.7069
## 1162 72.49900 19702.0558
## 1163 74.19300 19774.8369
## 1164 75.64000 22316.1929
## 1165 43.43600 684.5971
## 1166 45.55700 747.0835
## 1167 47.67000 803.3427
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## 1196 67.37800 3998.8757
## 1197 68.22500 4196.4111
## 1198 69.40000 4247.4003
## 1199 70.75500 3783.6742
## 1200 71.75200 4172.8385
## 1201 43.90200 3758.5234
## 1202 46.26300 4245.2567
## 1203 49.09600 4957.0380
## 1204 51.44500 5788.0933
## 1205 55.44800 5937.8273
## 1206 58.44700 6281.2909
## 1207 61.40600 6434.5018
## 1208 64.13400 6360.9434
## 1209 66.45800 4446.3809
## 1210 68.38600 5838.3477
## 1211 69.90600 5909.0201
## 1212 71.42100 7408.9056
## 1213 47.75200 1272.8810
## 1214 51.33400 1547.9448
## 1215 54.75700 1649.5522
## 1216 56.39300 1814.1274
## 1217 58.06500 1989.3741
## 1218 60.06000 2373.2043
## 1219 62.08200 2603.2738
## 1220 64.15100 2189.6350
## 1221 66.45800 2279.3240
## 1222 68.56400 2536.5349
## 1223 70.30300 2650.9211
## 1224 71.68800 3190.4810
## 1225 61.31000 4029.3297
## 1226 65.77000 4734.2530
## 1227 67.64000 5338.7521
## 1228 69.61000 6557.1528
## 1229 70.85000 8006.5070
## 1230 70.67000 9508.1415
## 1231 71.32000 8451.5310
## 1232 70.98000 9082.3512
## 1233 70.99000 7738.8812
## 1234 72.75000 10159.5837
## 1235 74.67000 12002.2391
## 1236 75.56300 15389.9247
## 1237 59.82000 3068.3199
## 1238 61.51000 3774.5717
## 1239 64.39000 4727.9549
## 1240 66.60000 6361.5180
## 1241 69.26000 9022.2474
## 1242 70.41000 10172.4857
## 1243 72.77000 11753.8429
## 1244 74.06000 13039.3088
## 1245 74.86000 16207.2666
## 1246 75.97000 17641.0316
## 1247 77.29000 19970.9079
## 1248 78.09800 20509.6478
## 1249 64.28000 3081.9598
## 1250 68.54000 3907.1562
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## 1252 71.10000 6929.2777
## 1253 72.16000 9123.0417
## 1254 73.44000 9770.5249
## 1255 73.75000 10330.9891
## 1256 74.63000 12281.3419
## 1257 73.91100 14641.5871
## 1258 74.91700 16999.4333
## 1259 77.77800 18855.6062
## 1260 78.74600 19328.7090
## 1261 52.72400 2718.8853
## 1262 55.09000 2769.4518
## 1263 57.66600 3173.7233
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## 1265 64.27400 5047.6586
## 1266 67.06400 4319.8041
## 1267 69.88500 5267.2194
## 1268 71.91300 5303.3775
## 1269 73.61500 6101.2558
## 1270 74.77200 6071.9414
## 1271 75.74400 6316.1652
## 1272 76.44200 7670.1226
## 1273 61.05000 3144.6132
## 1274 64.10000 3943.3702
## 1275 66.80000 4734.9976
## 1276 66.80000 6470.8665
## 1277 69.21000 8011.4144
## 1278 69.46000 9356.3972
## 1279 69.66000 9605.3141
## 1280 69.53000 9696.2733
## 1281 69.36000 6598.4099
## 1282 69.72000 7346.5476
## 1283 71.32200 7885.3601
## 1284 72.47600 10808.4756
## 1285 40.00000 493.3239
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## 1289 44.60000 590.5807
## 1290 45.00000 670.0806
## 1291 46.21800 881.5706
## 1292 44.02000 847.9912
## 1293 23.59900 737.0686
## 1294 36.08700 589.9445
## 1295 43.41300 785.6538
## 1296 46.24200 863.0885
## 1297 46.47100 879.5836
## 1298 48.94500 860.7369
## 1299 51.89300 1071.5511
## 1300 54.42500 1384.8406
## 1301 56.48000 1532.9853
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## 1303 60.35100 1890.2181
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## 1306 63.30600 1339.0760
## 1307 64.33700 1353.0924
## 1308 65.52800 1598.4351
## 1309 39.87500 6459.5548
## 1310 42.86800 8157.5912
## 1311 45.91400 11626.4197
## 1312 49.90100 16903.0489
## 1313 53.88600 24837.4287
## 1314 58.69000 34167.7626
## 1315 63.01200 33693.1753
## 1316 66.29500 21198.2614
## 1317 68.76800 24841.6178
## 1318 70.53300 20586.6902
## 1319 71.62600 19014.5412
## 1320 72.77700 21654.8319
## 1321 37.27800 1450.3570
## 1322 39.32900 1567.6530
## 1323 41.45400 1654.9887
## 1324 43.56300 1612.4046
## 1325 45.81500 1597.7121
## 1326 48.87900 1561.7691
## 1327 52.37900 1518.4800
## 1328 55.76900 1441.7207
## 1329 58.19600 1367.8994
## 1330 60.18700 1392.3683
## 1331 61.60000 1519.6353
## 1332 63.06200 1712.4721
## 1333 57.99600 3581.4594
## 1334 61.68500 4981.0909
## 1335 64.53100 6289.6292
## 1336 66.91400 7991.7071
## 1337 68.70000 10522.0675
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## 1340 71.21800 15870.8785
## 1341 71.65900 9325.0682
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## 1347 32.76700 1116.6399
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## 1351 38.44500 1465.0108
## 1352 40.00600 1294.4478
## 1353 38.33300 1068.6963
## 1354 39.89700 574.6482
## 1355 41.01200 699.4897
## 1356 42.56800 862.5408
## 1357 60.39600 2315.1382
## 1358 63.17900 2843.1044
## 1359 65.79800 3674.7356
## 1360 67.94600 4977.4185
## 1361 69.52100 8597.7562
## 1362 70.79500 11210.0895
## 1363 71.76000 15169.1611
## 1364 73.56000 18861.5308
## 1365 75.78800 24769.8912
## 1366 77.15800 33519.4766
## 1367 78.77000 36023.1054
## 1368 79.97200 47143.1796
## 1369 64.36000 5074.6591
## 1370 67.45000 6093.2630
## 1371 70.33000 7481.1076
## 1372 70.98000 8412.9024
## 1373 70.35000 9674.1676
## 1374 70.45000 10922.6640
## 1375 70.80000 11348.5459
## 1376 71.08000 12037.2676
## 1377 71.38000 9498.4677
## 1378 72.71000 12126.2306
## 1379 73.80000 13638.7784
## 1380 74.66300 18678.3144
## 1381 65.57000 4215.0417
## 1382 67.85000 5862.2766
## 1383 69.15000 7402.3034
## 1384 69.18000 9405.4894
## 1385 69.82000 12383.4862
## 1386 70.97000 15277.0302
## 1387 71.06300 17866.7218
## 1388 72.25000 18678.5349
## 1389 73.64000 14214.7168
## 1390 75.13000 17161.1073
## 1391 76.66000 20660.0194
## 1392 77.92600 25768.2576
## 1393 32.97800 1135.7498
## 1394 34.97700 1258.1474
## 1395 36.98100 1369.4883
## 1396 38.97700 1284.7332
## 1397 40.97300 1254.5761
## 1398 41.97400 1450.9925
## 1399 42.95500 1176.8070
## 1400 44.50100 1093.2450
## 1401 39.65800 926.9603
## 1402 43.79500 930.5964
## 1403 45.93600 882.0818
## 1404 48.15900 926.1411
## 1405 45.00900 4725.2955
## 1406 47.98500 5487.1042
## 1407 49.95100 5768.7297
## 1408 51.92700 7114.4780
## 1409 53.69600 7765.9626
## 1410 55.52700 8028.6514
## 1411 58.16100 8568.2662
## 1412 60.83400 7825.8234
## 1413 61.88800 7225.0693
## 1414 60.23600 7479.1882
## 1415 53.36500 7710.9464
## 1416 49.33900 9269.6578
## 1417 64.94000 3834.0347
## 1418 66.66000 4564.8024
## 1419 69.69000 5693.8439
## 1420 71.44000 7993.5123
## 1421 73.06000 10638.7513
## 1422 74.39000 13236.9212
## 1423 76.30000 13926.1700
## 1424 76.90000 15764.9831
## 1425 77.57000 18603.0645
## 1426 78.77000 20445.2990
## 1427 79.78000 24835.4717
## 1428 80.94100 28821.0637
## 1429 57.59300 1083.5320
## 1430 61.45600 1072.5466
## 1431 62.19200 1074.4720
## 1432 64.26600 1135.5143
## 1433 65.04200 1213.3955
## 1434 65.94900 1348.7757
## 1435 68.75700 1648.0798
## 1436 69.01100 1876.7668
## 1437 70.37900 2153.7392
## 1438 70.45700 2664.4773
## 1439 70.81500 3015.3788
## 1440 72.39600 3970.0954
## 1441 38.63500 1615.9911
## 1442 39.62400 1770.3371
## 1443 40.87000 1959.5938
## 1444 42.85800 1687.9976
## 1445 45.08300 1659.6528
## 1446 47.80000 2202.9884
## 1447 50.33800 1895.5441
## 1448 51.74400 1507.8192
## 1449 53.55600 1492.1970
## 1450 55.37300 1632.2108
## 1451 56.36900 1993.3983
## 1452 58.55600 2602.3950
## 1453 41.40700 1148.3766
## 1454 43.42400 1244.7084
## 1455 44.99200 1856.1821
## 1456 46.63300 2613.1017
## 1457 49.55200 3364.8366
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## 1459 55.56100 3895.3840
## 1460 57.67800 3984.8398
## 1461 58.47400 3553.0224
## 1462 54.28900 3876.7685
## 1463 43.86900 4128.1169
## 1464 39.61300 4513.4806
## 1465 71.86000 8527.8447
## 1466 72.49000 9911.8782
## 1467 73.37000 12329.4419
## 1468 74.16000 15258.2970
## 1469 74.72000 17832.0246
## 1470 75.44000 18855.7252
## 1471 76.42000 20667.3812
## 1472 77.19000 23586.9293
## 1473 78.16000 23880.0168
## 1474 79.39000 25266.5950
## 1475 80.04000 29341.6309
## 1476 80.88400 33859.7484
## 1477 69.62000 14734.2327
## 1478 70.56000 17909.4897
## 1479 71.32000 20431.0927
## 1480 72.77000 22966.1443
## 1481 73.78000 27195.1130
## 1482 75.39000 26982.2905
## 1483 76.21000 28397.7151
## 1484 77.41000 30281.7046
## 1485 78.03000 31871.5303
## 1486 79.37000 32135.3230
## 1487 80.62000 34480.9577
## 1488 81.70100 37506.4191
## 1489 45.88300 1643.4854
## 1490 48.28400 2117.2349
## 1491 50.30500 2193.0371
## 1492 53.65500 1881.9236
## 1493 57.29600 2571.4230
## 1494 61.19500 3195.4846
## 1495 64.59000 3761.8377
## 1496 66.97400 3116.7743
## 1497 69.24900 3340.5428
## 1498 71.52700 4014.2390
## 1499 73.05300 4090.9253
## 1500 74.14300 4184.5481
## 1501 58.50000 1206.9479
## 1502 62.40000 1507.8613
## 1503 65.20000 1822.8790
## 1504 67.50000 2643.8587
## 1505 69.39000 4062.5239
## 1506 70.59000 5596.5198
## 1507 72.16000 7426.3548
## 1508 73.40000 11054.5618
## 1509 74.26000 15215.6579
## 1510 75.25000 20206.8210
## 1511 76.99000 23235.4233
## 1512 78.40000 28718.2768
## 1513 41.21500 716.6501
## 1514 42.97400 698.5356
## 1515 44.24600 722.0038
## 1516 45.75700 848.2187
## 1517 47.62000 915.9851
## 1518 49.91900 962.4923
## 1519 50.60800 874.2426
## 1520 51.53500 831.8221
## 1521 50.44000 825.6825
## 1522 48.46600 789.1862
## 1523 49.65100 899.0742
## 1524 52.51700 1107.4822
## 1525 50.84800 757.7974
## 1526 53.63000 793.5774
## 1527 56.06100 1002.1992
## 1528 58.28500 1295.4607
## 1529 60.40500 1524.3589
## 1530 62.49400 1961.2246
## 1531 64.59700 2393.2198
## 1532 66.08400 2982.6538
## 1533 67.29800 4616.8965
## 1534 67.52100 5852.6255
## 1535 68.56400 5913.1875
## 1536 70.61600 7458.3963
## 1537 38.59600 859.8087
## 1538 41.20800 925.9083
## 1539 43.92200 1067.5348
## 1540 46.76900 1477.5968
## 1541 49.75900 1649.6602
## 1542 52.88700 1532.7770
## 1543 55.47100 1344.5780
## 1544 56.94100 1202.2014
## 1545 58.06100 1034.2989
## 1546 58.39000 982.2869
## 1547 57.56100 886.2206
## 1548 58.42000 882.9699
## 1549 59.10000 3023.2719
## 1550 61.80000 4100.3934
## 1551 64.90000 4997.5240
## 1552 65.40000 5621.3685
## 1553 65.90000 6619.5514
## 1554 68.30000 7899.5542
## 1555 68.83200 9119.5286
## 1556 69.58200 7388.5978
## 1557 69.86200 7370.9909
## 1558 69.46500 8792.5731
## 1559 68.97600 11460.6002
## 1560 69.81900 18008.5092
## 1561 44.60000 1468.4756
## 1562 47.10000 1395.2325
## 1563 49.57900 1660.3032
## 1564 52.05300 1932.3602
## 1565 55.60200 2753.2860
## 1566 59.83700 3120.8768
## 1567 64.04800 3560.2332
## 1568 66.89400 3810.4193
## 1569 70.00100 4332.7202
## 1570 71.97300 4876.7986
## 1571 73.04200 5722.8957
## 1572 73.92300 7092.9230
## 1573 43.58500 1969.1010
## 1574 48.07900 2218.7543
## 1575 52.09800 2322.8699
## 1576 54.33600 2826.3564
## 1577 57.00500 3450.6964
## 1578 59.50700 4269.1223
## 1579 61.03600 4241.3563
## 1580 63.10800 5089.0437
## 1581 66.14600 5678.3483
## 1582 68.83500 6601.4299
## 1583 70.84500 6508.0857
## 1584 71.77700 8458.2764
## 1585 39.97800 734.7535
## 1586 42.57100 774.3711
## 1587 45.34400 767.2717
## 1588 48.05100 908.9185
## 1589 51.01600 950.7359
## 1590 50.35000 843.7331
## 1591 49.84900 682.2662
## 1592 51.50900 617.7244
## 1593 48.82500 644.1708
## 1594 44.57800 816.5591
## 1595 47.81300 927.7210
## 1596 51.54200 1056.3801
## 1597 69.18000 9979.5085
## 1598 70.42000 11283.1779
## 1599 70.76000 12477.1771
## 1600 71.36000 14142.8509
## 1601 72.01000 15895.1164
## 1602 72.76000 17428.7485
## 1603 74.04000 18232.4245
## 1604 75.00700 21664.7877
## 1605 76.42000 22705.0925
## 1606 77.21800 26074.5314
## 1607 78.47100 29478.9992
## 1608 79.42500 33203.2613
## 1609 68.44000 13990.4821
## 1610 69.49000 14847.1271
## 1611 70.21000 16173.1459
## 1612 70.76000 19530.3656
## 1613 71.34000 21806.0359
## 1614 73.38000 24072.6321
## 1615 74.65000 25009.5591
## 1616 75.02000 29884.3504
## 1617 76.09000 32003.9322
## 1618 76.81000 35767.4330
## 1619 77.31000 39097.0995
## 1620 78.24200 42951.6531
## 1621 66.07100 5716.7667
## 1622 67.04400 6150.7730
## 1623 68.25300 5603.3577
## 1624 68.46800 5444.6196
## 1625 68.67300 5703.4089
## 1626 69.48100 6504.3397
## 1627 70.80500 6920.2231
## 1628 71.91800 7452.3990
## 1629 72.75200 8137.0048
## 1630 74.22300 9230.2407
## 1631 75.30700 7727.0020
## 1632 76.38400 10611.4630
## 1633 55.08800 7689.7998
## 1634 57.90700 9802.4665
## 1635 60.77000 8422.9742
## 1636 63.47900 9541.4742
## 1637 65.71200 10505.2597
## 1638 67.45600 13143.9510
## 1639 68.55700 11152.4101
## 1640 70.19000 9883.5846
## 1641 71.15000 10733.9263
## 1642 72.14600 10165.4952
## 1643 72.76600 8605.0478
## 1644 73.74700 11415.8057
## 1645 40.41200 605.0665
## 1646 42.88700 676.2854
## 1647 45.36300 772.0492
## 1648 47.83800 637.1233
## 1649 50.25400 699.5016
## 1650 55.76400 713.5371
## 1651 58.81600 707.2358
## 1652 62.82000 820.7994
## 1653 67.66200 989.0231
## 1654 70.67200 1385.8968
## 1655 73.01700 1764.4567
## 1656 74.24900 2441.5764
## 1657 43.16000 1515.5923
## 1658 45.67100 1827.0677
## 1659 48.12700 2198.9563
## 1660 51.63100 2649.7150
## 1661 56.53200 3133.4093
## 1662 60.76500 3682.8315
## 1663 64.40600 4336.0321
## 1664 67.04600 5107.1974
## 1665 69.71800 6017.6548
## 1666 71.09600 7110.6676
## 1667 72.37000 4515.4876
## 1668 73.42200 3025.3498
## 1669 32.54800 781.7176
## 1670 33.97000 804.8305
## 1671 35.18000 825.6232
## 1672 36.98400 862.4421
## 1673 39.84800 1265.0470
## 1674 44.17500 1829.7652
## 1675 49.11300 1977.5570
## 1676 52.92200 1971.7415
## 1677 55.59900 1879.4967
## 1678 58.02000 2117.4845
## 1679 60.30800 2234.8208
## 1680 62.69800 2280.7699
## 1681 42.03800 1147.3888
## 1682 44.07700 1311.9568
## 1683 46.02300 1452.7258
## 1684 47.76800 1777.0773
## 1685 50.10700 1773.4983
## 1686 51.38600 1588.6883
## 1687 51.82100 1408.6786
## 1688 50.82100 1213.3151
## 1689 46.10000 1210.8846
## 1690 40.23800 1071.3538
## 1691 39.19300 1071.6139
## 1692 42.38400 1271.2116
## 1693 48.45100 406.8841
## 1694 50.46900 518.7643
## 1695 52.35800 527.2722
## 1696 53.99500 569.7951
## 1697 55.63500 799.3622
## 1698 57.67400 685.5877
## 1699 60.36300 788.8550
## 1700 62.35100 706.1573
## 1701 60.37700 693.4208
## 1702 46.80900 792.4500
## 1703 39.98900 672.0386
## 1704 43.48700 469.7093
gapminder[gapminder$lifeExp > 80,]
## country year pop continent lifeExp gdpPercap
## 71 Australia 2002 19546792 Oceania 80.370 30687.75
## 72 Australia 2007 20434176 Oceania 81.235 34435.37
## 252 Canada 2007 33390141 Americas 80.653 36319.24
## 540 France 2007 61083916 Europe 80.657 30470.02
## 671 Hong Kong China 2002 6762476 Asia 81.495 30209.02
## 672 Hong Kong China 2007 6980412 Asia 82.208 39724.98
## 695 Iceland 2002 288030 Europe 80.500 31163.20
## 696 Iceland 2007 301931 Europe 81.757 36180.79
## 768 Israel 2007 6426679 Asia 80.745 25523.28
## 779 Italy 2002 57926999 Europe 80.240 27968.10
## 780 Italy 2007 58147733 Europe 80.546 28569.72
## 802 Japan 1997 125956499 Asia 80.690 28816.58
## 803 Japan 2002 127065841 Asia 82.000 28604.59
## 804 Japan 2007 127467972 Asia 82.603 31656.07
## 1104 New Zealand 2007 4115771 Oceania 80.204 25185.01
## 1152 Norway 2007 4627926 Europe 80.196 49357.19
## 1428 Spain 2007 40448191 Europe 80.941 28821.06
## 1475 Sweden 2002 8954175 Europe 80.040 29341.63
## 1476 Sweden 2007 9031088 Europe 80.884 33859.75
## 1487 Switzerland 2002 7361757 Europe 80.620 34480.96
## 1488 Switzerland 2007 7554661 Europe 81.701 37506.42
gapminder[1, c(4, 5)]
## continent lifeExp
## 1 Asia 28.801
gapminder[gapminder$year == 2002 | gapminder$year == 2007,]
## country year pop continent lifeExp gdpPercap
## 11 Afghanistan 2002 25268405 Asia 42.129 726.7341
## 12 Afghanistan 2007 31889923 Asia 43.828 974.5803
## 23 Albania 2002 3508512 Europe 75.651 4604.2117
## 24 Albania 2007 3600523 Europe 76.423 5937.0295
## 35 Algeria 2002 31287142 Africa 70.994 5288.0404
## 36 Algeria 2007 33333216 Africa 72.301 6223.3675
## 47 Angola 2002 10866106 Africa 41.003 2773.2873
## 48 Angola 2007 12420476 Africa 42.731 4797.2313
## 59 Argentina 2002 38331121 Americas 74.340 8797.6407
## 60 Argentina 2007 40301927 Americas 75.320 12779.3796
## 71 Australia 2002 19546792 Oceania 80.370 30687.7547
## 72 Australia 2007 20434176 Oceania 81.235 34435.3674
## 83 Austria 2002 8148312 Europe 78.980 32417.6077
## 84 Austria 2007 8199783 Europe 79.829 36126.4927
## 95 Bahrain 2002 656397 Asia 74.795 23403.5593
## 96 Bahrain 2007 708573 Asia 75.635 29796.0483
## 107 Bangladesh 2002 135656790 Asia 62.013 1136.3904
## 108 Bangladesh 2007 150448339 Asia 64.062 1391.2538
## 119 Belgium 2002 10311970 Europe 78.320 30485.8838
## 120 Belgium 2007 10392226 Europe 79.441 33692.6051
## 131 Benin 2002 7026113 Africa 54.406 1372.8779
## 132 Benin 2007 8078314 Africa 56.728 1441.2849
## 143 Bolivia 2002 8445134 Americas 63.883 3413.2627
## 144 Bolivia 2007 9119152 Americas 65.554 3822.1371
## 155 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2002 4165416 Europe 74.090 6018.9752
## 156 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2007 4552198 Europe 74.852 7446.2988
## 167 Botswana 2002 1630347 Africa 46.634 11003.6051
## 168 Botswana 2007 1639131 Africa 50.728 12569.8518
## 179 Brazil 2002 179914212 Americas 71.006 8131.2128
## 180 Brazil 2007 190010647 Americas 72.390 9065.8008
## 191 Bulgaria 2002 7661799 Europe 72.140 7696.7777
## 192 Bulgaria 2007 7322858 Europe 73.005 10680.7928
## 203 Burkina Faso 2002 12251209 Africa 50.650 1037.6452
## 204 Burkina Faso 2007 14326203 Africa 52.295 1217.0330
## 215 Burundi 2002 7021078 Africa 47.360 446.4035
## 216 Burundi 2007 8390505 Africa 49.580 430.0707
## 227 Cambodia 2002 12926707 Asia 56.752 896.2260
## 228 Cambodia 2007 14131858 Asia 59.723 1713.7787
## 239 Cameroon 2002 15929988 Africa 49.856 1934.0114
## 240 Cameroon 2007 17696293 Africa 50.430 2042.0952
## 251 Canada 2002 31902268 Americas 79.770 33328.9651
## 252 Canada 2007 33390141 Americas 80.653 36319.2350
## 263 Central African Republic 2002 4048013 Africa 43.308 738.6906
## 264 Central African Republic 2007 4369038 Africa 44.741 706.0165
## 275 Chad 2002 8835739 Africa 50.525 1156.1819
## 276 Chad 2007 10238807 Africa 50.651 1704.0637
## 287 Chile 2002 15497046 Americas 77.860 10778.7838
## 288 Chile 2007 16284741 Americas 78.553 13171.6388
## 299 China 2002 1280400000 Asia 72.028 3119.2809
## 300 China 2007 1318683096 Asia 72.961 4959.1149
## 311 Colombia 2002 41008227 Americas 71.682 5755.2600
## 312 Colombia 2007 44227550 Americas 72.889 7006.5804
## 323 Comoros 2002 614382 Africa 62.974 1075.8116
## 324 Comoros 2007 710960 Africa 65.152 986.1479
## 335 Congo Dem. Rep. 2002 55379852 Africa 44.966 241.1659
## 336 Congo Dem. Rep. 2007 64606759 Africa 46.462 277.5519
## 347 Congo Rep. 2002 3328795 Africa 52.970 3484.0620
## 348 Congo Rep. 2007 3800610 Africa 55.322 3632.5578
## 359 Costa Rica 2002 3834934 Americas 78.123 7723.4472
## 360 Costa Rica 2007 4133884 Americas 78.782 9645.0614
## 371 Cote d'Ivoire 2002 16252726 Africa 46.832 1648.8008
## 372 Cote d'Ivoire 2007 18013409 Africa 48.328 1544.7501
## 383 Croatia 2002 4481020 Europe 74.876 11628.3890
## 384 Croatia 2007 4493312 Europe 75.748 14619.2227
## 395 Cuba 2002 11226999 Americas 77.158 6340.6467
## 396 Cuba 2007 11416987 Americas 78.273 8948.1029
## 407 Czech Republic 2002 10256295 Europe 75.510 17596.2102
## 408 Czech Republic 2007 10228744 Europe 76.486 22833.3085
## 419 Denmark 2002 5374693 Europe 77.180 32166.5001
## 420 Denmark 2007 5468120 Europe 78.332 35278.4187
## 431 Djibouti 2002 447416 Africa 53.373 1908.2609
## 432 Djibouti 2007 496374 Africa 54.791 2082.4816
## 443 Dominican Republic 2002 8650322 Americas 70.847 4563.8082
## 444 Dominican Republic 2007 9319622 Americas 72.235 6025.3748
## 455 Ecuador 2002 12921234 Americas 74.173 5773.0445
## 456 Ecuador 2007 13755680 Americas 74.994 6873.2623
## 467 Egypt 2002 73312559 Africa 69.806 4754.6044
## 468 Egypt 2007 80264543 Africa 71.338 5581.1810
## 479 El Salvador 2002 6353681 Americas 70.734 5351.5687
## 480 El Salvador 2007 6939688 Americas 71.878 5728.3535
## 491 Equatorial Guinea 2002 495627 Africa 49.348 7703.4959
## 492 Equatorial Guinea 2007 551201 Africa 51.579 12154.0897
## 503 Eritrea 2002 4414865 Africa 55.240 765.3500
## 504 Eritrea 2007 4906585 Africa 58.040 641.3695
## 515 Ethiopia 2002 67946797 Africa 50.725 530.0535
## 516 Ethiopia 2007 76511887 Africa 52.947 690.8056
## 527 Finland 2002 5193039 Europe 78.370 28204.5906
## 528 Finland 2007 5238460 Europe 79.313 33207.0844
## 539 France 2002 59925035 Europe 79.590 28926.0323
## 540 France 2007 61083916 Europe 80.657 30470.0167
## 551 Gabon 2002 1299304 Africa 56.761 12521.7139
## 552 Gabon 2007 1454867 Africa 56.735 13206.4845
## 563 Gambia 2002 1457766 Africa 58.041 660.5856
## 564 Gambia 2007 1688359 Africa 59.448 752.7497
## 575 Germany 2002 82350671 Europe 78.670 30035.8020
## 576 Germany 2007 82400996 Europe 79.406 32170.3744
## 587 Ghana 2002 20550751 Africa 58.453 1111.9846
## 588 Ghana 2007 22873338 Africa 60.022 1327.6089
## 599 Greece 2002 10603863 Europe 78.256 22514.2548
## 600 Greece 2007 10706290 Europe 79.483 27538.4119
## 611 Guatemala 2002 11178650 Americas 68.978 4858.3475
## 612 Guatemala 2007 12572928 Americas 70.259 5186.0500
## 623 Guinea 2002 8807818 Africa 53.676 945.5836
## 624 Guinea 2007 9947814 Africa 56.007 942.6542
## 635 Guinea-Bissau 2002 1332459 Africa 45.504 575.7047
## 636 Guinea-Bissau 2007 1472041 Africa 46.388 579.2317
## 647 Haiti 2002 7607651 Americas 58.137 1270.3649
## 648 Haiti 2007 8502814 Americas 60.916 1201.6372
## 659 Honduras 2002 6677328 Americas 68.565 3099.7287
## 660 Honduras 2007 7483763 Americas 70.198 3548.3308
## 671 Hong Kong China 2002 6762476 Asia 81.495 30209.0152
## 672 Hong Kong China 2007 6980412 Asia 82.208 39724.9787
## 683 Hungary 2002 10083313 Europe 72.590 14843.9356
## 684 Hungary 2007 9956108 Europe 73.338 18008.9444
## 695 Iceland 2002 288030 Europe 80.500 31163.2020
## 696 Iceland 2007 301931 Europe 81.757 36180.7892
## 707 India 2002 1034172547 Asia 62.879 1746.7695
## 708 India 2007 1110396331 Asia 64.698 2452.2104
## 719 Indonesia 2002 211060000 Asia 68.588 2873.9129
## 720 Indonesia 2007 223547000 Asia 70.650 3540.6516
## 731 Iran 2002 66907826 Asia 69.451 9240.7620
## 732 Iran 2007 69453570 Asia 70.964 11605.7145
## 743 Iraq 2002 24001816 Asia 57.046 4390.7173
## 744 Iraq 2007 27499638 Asia 59.545 4471.0619
## 755 Ireland 2002 3879155 Europe 77.783 34077.0494
## 756 Ireland 2007 4109086 Europe 78.885 40675.9964
## 767 Israel 2002 6029529 Asia 79.696 21905.5951
## 768 Israel 2007 6426679 Asia 80.745 25523.2771
## 779 Italy 2002 57926999 Europe 80.240 27968.0982
## 780 Italy 2007 58147733 Europe 80.546 28569.7197
## 791 Jamaica 2002 2664659 Americas 72.047 6994.7749
## 792 Jamaica 2007 2780132 Americas 72.567 7320.8803
## 803 Japan 2002 127065841 Asia 82.000 28604.5919
## 804 Japan 2007 127467972 Asia 82.603 31656.0681
## 815 Jordan 2002 5307470 Asia 71.263 3844.9172
## 816 Jordan 2007 6053193 Asia 72.535 4519.4612
## 827 Kenya 2002 31386842 Africa 50.992 1287.5147
## 828 Kenya 2007 35610177 Africa 54.110 1463.2493
## 839 Korea Dem. Rep. 2002 22215365 Asia 66.662 1646.7582
## 840 Korea Dem. Rep. 2007 23301725 Asia 67.297 1593.0655
## 851 Korea Rep. 2002 47969150 Asia 77.045 19233.9882
## 852 Korea Rep. 2007 49044790 Asia 78.623 23348.1397
## 863 Kuwait 2002 2111561 Asia 76.904 35110.1057
## 864 Kuwait 2007 2505559 Asia 77.588 47306.9898
## 875 Lebanon 2002 3677780 Asia 71.028 9313.9388
## 876 Lebanon 2007 3921278 Asia 71.993 10461.0587
## 887 Lesotho 2002 2046772 Africa 44.593 1275.1846
## 888 Lesotho 2007 2012649 Africa 42.592 1569.3314
## 899 Liberia 2002 2814651 Africa 43.753 531.4824
## 900 Liberia 2007 3193942 Africa 45.678 414.5073
## 911 Libya 2002 5368585 Africa 72.737 9534.6775
## 912 Libya 2007 6036914 Africa 73.952 12057.4993
## 923 Madagascar 2002 16473477 Africa 57.286 894.6371
## 924 Madagascar 2007 19167654 Africa 59.443 1044.7701
## 935 Malawi 2002 11824495 Africa 45.009 665.4231
## 936 Malawi 2007 13327079 Africa 48.303 759.3499
## 947 Malaysia 2002 22662365 Asia 73.044 10206.9779
## 948 Malaysia 2007 24821286 Asia 74.241 12451.6558
## 959 Mali 2002 10580176 Africa 51.818 951.4098
## 960 Mali 2007 12031795 Africa 54.467 1042.5816
## 971 Mauritania 2002 2828858 Africa 62.247 1579.0195
## 972 Mauritania 2007 3270065 Africa 64.164 1803.1515
## 983 Mauritius 2002 1200206 Africa 71.954 9021.8159
## 984 Mauritius 2007 1250882 Africa 72.801 10956.9911
## 995 Mexico 2002 102479927 Americas 74.902 10742.4405
## 996 Mexico 2007 108700891 Americas 76.195 11977.5750
## 1007 Mongolia 2002 2674234 Asia 65.033 2140.7393
## 1008 Mongolia 2007 2874127 Asia 66.803 3095.7723
## 1019 Montenegro 2002 720230 Europe 73.981 6557.1943
## 1020 Montenegro 2007 684736 Europe 74.543 9253.8961
## 1031 Morocco 2002 31167783 Africa 69.615 3258.4956
## 1032 Morocco 2007 33757175 Africa 71.164 3820.1752
## 1043 Mozambique 2002 18473780 Africa 44.026 633.6179
## 1044 Mozambique 2007 19951656 Africa 42.082 823.6856
## 1055 Myanmar 2002 45598081 Asia 59.908 611.0000
## 1056 Myanmar 2007 47761980 Asia 62.069 944.0000
## 1067 Namibia 2002 1972153 Africa 51.479 4072.3248
## 1068 Namibia 2007 2055080 Africa 52.906 4811.0604
## 1079 Nepal 2002 25873917 Asia 61.340 1057.2063
## 1080 Nepal 2007 28901790 Asia 63.785 1091.3598
## 1091 Netherlands 2002 16122830 Europe 78.530 33724.7578
## 1092 Netherlands 2007 16570613 Europe 79.762 36797.9333
## 1103 New Zealand 2002 3908037 Oceania 79.110 23189.8014
## 1104 New Zealand 2007 4115771 Oceania 80.204 25185.0091
## 1115 Nicaragua 2002 5146848 Americas 70.836 2474.5488
## 1116 Nicaragua 2007 5675356 Americas 72.899 2749.3210
## 1127 Niger 2002 11140655 Africa 54.496 601.0745
## 1128 Niger 2007 12894865 Africa 56.867 619.6769
## 1139 Nigeria 2002 119901274 Africa 46.608 1615.2864
## 1140 Nigeria 2007 135031164 Africa 46.859 2013.9773
## 1151 Norway 2002 4535591 Europe 79.050 44683.9753
## 1152 Norway 2007 4627926 Europe 80.196 49357.1902
## 1163 Oman 2002 2713462 Asia 74.193 19774.8369
## 1164 Oman 2007 3204897 Asia 75.640 22316.1929
## 1175 Pakistan 2002 153403524 Asia 63.610 2092.7124
## 1176 Pakistan 2007 169270617 Asia 65.483 2605.9476
## 1187 Panama 2002 2990875 Americas 74.712 7356.0319
## 1188 Panama 2007 3242173 Americas 75.537 9809.1856
## 1199 Paraguay 2002 5884491 Americas 70.755 3783.6742
## 1200 Paraguay 2007 6667147 Americas 71.752 4172.8385
## 1211 Peru 2002 26769436 Americas 69.906 5909.0201
## 1212 Peru 2007 28674757 Americas 71.421 7408.9056
## 1223 Philippines 2002 82995088 Asia 70.303 2650.9211
## 1224 Philippines 2007 91077287 Asia 71.688 3190.4810
## 1235 Poland 2002 38625976 Europe 74.670 12002.2391
## 1236 Poland 2007 38518241 Europe 75.563 15389.9247
## 1247 Portugal 2002 10433867 Europe 77.290 19970.9079
## 1248 Portugal 2007 10642836 Europe 78.098 20509.6478
## 1259 Puerto Rico 2002 3859606 Americas 77.778 18855.6062
## 1260 Puerto Rico 2007 3942491 Americas 78.746 19328.7090
## 1271 Reunion 2002 743981 Africa 75.744 6316.1652
## 1272 Reunion 2007 798094 Africa 76.442 7670.1226
## 1283 Romania 2002 22404337 Europe 71.322 7885.3601
## 1284 Romania 2007 22276056 Europe 72.476 10808.4756
## 1295 Rwanda 2002 7852401 Africa 43.413 785.6538
## 1296 Rwanda 2007 8860588 Africa 46.242 863.0885
## 1307 Sao Tome and Principe 2002 170372 Africa 64.337 1353.0924
## 1308 Sao Tome and Principe 2007 199579 Africa 65.528 1598.4351
## 1319 Saudi Arabia 2002 24501530 Asia 71.626 19014.5412
## 1320 Saudi Arabia 2007 27601038 Asia 72.777 21654.8319
## 1331 Senegal 2002 10870037 Africa 61.600 1519.6353
## 1332 Senegal 2007 12267493 Africa 63.062 1712.4721
## 1343 Serbia 2002 10111559 Europe 73.213 7236.0753
## 1344 Serbia 2007 10150265 Europe 74.002 9786.5347
## 1355 Sierra Leone 2002 5359092 Africa 41.012 699.4897
## 1356 Sierra Leone 2007 6144562 Africa 42.568 862.5408
## 1367 Singapore 2002 4197776 Asia 78.770 36023.1054
## 1368 Singapore 2007 4553009 Asia 79.972 47143.1796
## 1379 Slovak Republic 2002 5410052 Europe 73.800 13638.7784
## 1380 Slovak Republic 2007 5447502 Europe 74.663 18678.3144
## 1391 Slovenia 2002 2011497 Europe 76.660 20660.0194
## 1392 Slovenia 2007 2009245 Europe 77.926 25768.2576
## 1403 Somalia 2002 7753310 Africa 45.936 882.0818
## 1404 Somalia 2007 9118773 Africa 48.159 926.1411
## 1415 South Africa 2002 44433622 Africa 53.365 7710.9464
## 1416 South Africa 2007 43997828 Africa 49.339 9269.6578
## 1427 Spain 2002 40152517 Europe 79.780 24835.4717
## 1428 Spain 2007 40448191 Europe 80.941 28821.0637
## 1439 Sri Lanka 2002 19576783 Asia 70.815 3015.3788
## 1440 Sri Lanka 2007 20378239 Asia 72.396 3970.0954
## 1451 Sudan 2002 37090298 Africa 56.369 1993.3983
## 1452 Sudan 2007 42292929 Africa 58.556 2602.3950
## 1463 Swaziland 2002 1130269 Africa 43.869 4128.1169
## 1464 Swaziland 2007 1133066 Africa 39.613 4513.4806
## 1475 Sweden 2002 8954175 Europe 80.040 29341.6309
## 1476 Sweden 2007 9031088 Europe 80.884 33859.7484
## 1487 Switzerland 2002 7361757 Europe 80.620 34480.9577
## 1488 Switzerland 2007 7554661 Europe 81.701 37506.4191
## 1499 Syria 2002 17155814 Asia 73.053 4090.9253
## 1500 Syria 2007 19314747 Asia 74.143 4184.5481
## 1511 Taiwan 2002 22454239 Asia 76.990 23235.4233
## 1512 Taiwan 2007 23174294 Asia 78.400 28718.2768
## 1523 Tanzania 2002 34593779 Africa 49.651 899.0742
## 1524 Tanzania 2007 38139640 Africa 52.517 1107.4822
## 1535 Thailand 2002 62806748 Asia 68.564 5913.1875
## 1536 Thailand 2007 65068149 Asia 70.616 7458.3963
## 1547 Togo 2002 4977378 Africa 57.561 886.2206
## 1548 Togo 2007 5701579 Africa 58.420 882.9699
## 1559 Trinidad and Tobago 2002 1101832 Americas 68.976 11460.6002
## 1560 Trinidad and Tobago 2007 1056608 Americas 69.819 18008.5092
## 1571 Tunisia 2002 9770575 Africa 73.042 5722.8957
## 1572 Tunisia 2007 10276158 Africa 73.923 7092.9230
## 1583 Turkey 2002 67308928 Europe 70.845 6508.0857
## 1584 Turkey 2007 71158647 Europe 71.777 8458.2764
## 1595 Uganda 2002 24739869 Africa 47.813 927.7210
## 1596 Uganda 2007 29170398 Africa 51.542 1056.3801
## 1607 United Kingdom 2002 59912431 Europe 78.471 29478.9992
## 1608 United Kingdom 2007 60776238 Europe 79.425 33203.2613
## 1619 United States 2002 287675526 Americas 77.310 39097.0995
## 1620 United States 2007 301139947 Americas 78.242 42951.6531
## 1631 Uruguay 2002 3363085 Americas 75.307 7727.0020
## 1632 Uruguay 2007 3447496 Americas 76.384 10611.4630
## 1643 Venezuela 2002 24287670 Americas 72.766 8605.0478
## 1644 Venezuela 2007 26084662 Americas 73.747 11415.8057
## 1655 Vietnam 2002 80908147 Asia 73.017 1764.4567
## 1656 Vietnam 2007 85262356 Asia 74.249 2441.5764
## 1667 West Bank and Gaza 2002 3389578 Asia 72.370 4515.4876
## 1668 West Bank and Gaza 2007 4018332 Asia 73.422 3025.3498
## 1679 Yemen Rep. 2002 18701257 Asia 60.308 2234.8208
## 1680 Yemen Rep. 2007 22211743 Asia 62.698 2280.7699
## 1691 Zambia 2002 10595811 Africa 39.193 1071.6139
## 1692 Zambia 2007 11746035 Africa 42.384 1271.2116
## 1703 Zimbabwe 2002 11926563 Africa 39.989 672.0386
## 1704 Zimbabwe 2007 12311143 Africa 43.487 469.7093
gapminder[gapminder$year %in% c(2002, 2007),]
## country year pop continent lifeExp gdpPercap
## 11 Afghanistan 2002 25268405 Asia 42.129 726.7341
## 12 Afghanistan 2007 31889923 Asia 43.828 974.5803
## 23 Albania 2002 3508512 Europe 75.651 4604.2117
## 24 Albania 2007 3600523 Europe 76.423 5937.0295
## 35 Algeria 2002 31287142 Africa 70.994 5288.0404
## 36 Algeria 2007 33333216 Africa 72.301 6223.3675
## 47 Angola 2002 10866106 Africa 41.003 2773.2873
## 48 Angola 2007 12420476 Africa 42.731 4797.2313
## 59 Argentina 2002 38331121 Americas 74.340 8797.6407
## 60 Argentina 2007 40301927 Americas 75.320 12779.3796
## 71 Australia 2002 19546792 Oceania 80.370 30687.7547
## 72 Australia 2007 20434176 Oceania 81.235 34435.3674
## 83 Austria 2002 8148312 Europe 78.980 32417.6077
## 84 Austria 2007 8199783 Europe 79.829 36126.4927
## 95 Bahrain 2002 656397 Asia 74.795 23403.5593
## 96 Bahrain 2007 708573 Asia 75.635 29796.0483
## 107 Bangladesh 2002 135656790 Asia 62.013 1136.3904
## 108 Bangladesh 2007 150448339 Asia 64.062 1391.2538
## 119 Belgium 2002 10311970 Europe 78.320 30485.8838
## 120 Belgium 2007 10392226 Europe 79.441 33692.6051
## 131 Benin 2002 7026113 Africa 54.406 1372.8779
## 132 Benin 2007 8078314 Africa 56.728 1441.2849
## 143 Bolivia 2002 8445134 Americas 63.883 3413.2627
## 144 Bolivia 2007 9119152 Americas 65.554 3822.1371
## 155 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2002 4165416 Europe 74.090 6018.9752
## 156 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2007 4552198 Europe 74.852 7446.2988
## 167 Botswana 2002 1630347 Africa 46.634 11003.6051
## 168 Botswana 2007 1639131 Africa 50.728 12569.8518
## 179 Brazil 2002 179914212 Americas 71.006 8131.2128
## 180 Brazil 2007 190010647 Americas 72.390 9065.8008
## 191 Bulgaria 2002 7661799 Europe 72.140 7696.7777
## 192 Bulgaria 2007 7322858 Europe 73.005 10680.7928
## 203 Burkina Faso 2002 12251209 Africa 50.650 1037.6452
## 204 Burkina Faso 2007 14326203 Africa 52.295 1217.0330
## 215 Burundi 2002 7021078 Africa 47.360 446.4035
## 216 Burundi 2007 8390505 Africa 49.580 430.0707
## 227 Cambodia 2002 12926707 Asia 56.752 896.2260
## 228 Cambodia 2007 14131858 Asia 59.723 1713.7787
## 239 Cameroon 2002 15929988 Africa 49.856 1934.0114
## 240 Cameroon 2007 17696293 Africa 50.430 2042.0952
## 251 Canada 2002 31902268 Americas 79.770 33328.9651
## 252 Canada 2007 33390141 Americas 80.653 36319.2350
## 263 Central African Republic 2002 4048013 Africa 43.308 738.6906
## 264 Central African Republic 2007 4369038 Africa 44.741 706.0165
## 275 Chad 2002 8835739 Africa 50.525 1156.1819
## 276 Chad 2007 10238807 Africa 50.651 1704.0637
## 287 Chile 2002 15497046 Americas 77.860 10778.7838
## 288 Chile 2007 16284741 Americas 78.553 13171.6388
## 299 China 2002 1280400000 Asia 72.028 3119.2809
## 300 China 2007 1318683096 Asia 72.961 4959.1149
## 311 Colombia 2002 41008227 Americas 71.682 5755.2600
## 312 Colombia 2007 44227550 Americas 72.889 7006.5804
## 323 Comoros 2002 614382 Africa 62.974 1075.8116
## 324 Comoros 2007 710960 Africa 65.152 986.1479
## 335 Congo Dem. Rep. 2002 55379852 Africa 44.966 241.1659
## 336 Congo Dem. Rep. 2007 64606759 Africa 46.462 277.5519
## 347 Congo Rep. 2002 3328795 Africa 52.970 3484.0620
## 348 Congo Rep. 2007 3800610 Africa 55.322 3632.5578
## 359 Costa Rica 2002 3834934 Americas 78.123 7723.4472
## 360 Costa Rica 2007 4133884 Americas 78.782 9645.0614
## 371 Cote d'Ivoire 2002 16252726 Africa 46.832 1648.8008
## 372 Cote d'Ivoire 2007 18013409 Africa 48.328 1544.7501
## 383 Croatia 2002 4481020 Europe 74.876 11628.3890
## 384 Croatia 2007 4493312 Europe 75.748 14619.2227
## 395 Cuba 2002 11226999 Americas 77.158 6340.6467
## 396 Cuba 2007 11416987 Americas 78.273 8948.1029
## 407 Czech Republic 2002 10256295 Europe 75.510 17596.2102
## 408 Czech Republic 2007 10228744 Europe 76.486 22833.3085
## 419 Denmark 2002 5374693 Europe 77.180 32166.5001
## 420 Denmark 2007 5468120 Europe 78.332 35278.4187
## 431 Djibouti 2002 447416 Africa 53.373 1908.2609
## 432 Djibouti 2007 496374 Africa 54.791 2082.4816
## 443 Dominican Republic 2002 8650322 Americas 70.847 4563.8082
## 444 Dominican Republic 2007 9319622 Americas 72.235 6025.3748
## 455 Ecuador 2002 12921234 Americas 74.173 5773.0445
## 456 Ecuador 2007 13755680 Americas 74.994 6873.2623
## 467 Egypt 2002 73312559 Africa 69.806 4754.6044
## 468 Egypt 2007 80264543 Africa 71.338 5581.1810
## 479 El Salvador 2002 6353681 Americas 70.734 5351.5687
## 480 El Salvador 2007 6939688 Americas 71.878 5728.3535
## 491 Equatorial Guinea 2002 495627 Africa 49.348 7703.4959
## 492 Equatorial Guinea 2007 551201 Africa 51.579 12154.0897
## 503 Eritrea 2002 4414865 Africa 55.240 765.3500
## 504 Eritrea 2007 4906585 Africa 58.040 641.3695
## 515 Ethiopia 2002 67946797 Africa 50.725 530.0535
## 516 Ethiopia 2007 76511887 Africa 52.947 690.8056
## 527 Finland 2002 5193039 Europe 78.370 28204.5906
## 528 Finland 2007 5238460 Europe 79.313 33207.0844
## 539 France 2002 59925035 Europe 79.590 28926.0323
## 540 France 2007 61083916 Europe 80.657 30470.0167
## 551 Gabon 2002 1299304 Africa 56.761 12521.7139
## 552 Gabon 2007 1454867 Africa 56.735 13206.4845
## 563 Gambia 2002 1457766 Africa 58.041 660.5856
## 564 Gambia 2007 1688359 Africa 59.448 752.7497
## 575 Germany 2002 82350671 Europe 78.670 30035.8020
## 576 Germany 2007 82400996 Europe 79.406 32170.3744
## 587 Ghana 2002 20550751 Africa 58.453 1111.9846
## 588 Ghana 2007 22873338 Africa 60.022 1327.6089
## 599 Greece 2002 10603863 Europe 78.256 22514.2548
## 600 Greece 2007 10706290 Europe 79.483 27538.4119
## 611 Guatemala 2002 11178650 Americas 68.978 4858.3475
## 612 Guatemala 2007 12572928 Americas 70.259 5186.0500
## 623 Guinea 2002 8807818 Africa 53.676 945.5836
## 624 Guinea 2007 9947814 Africa 56.007 942.6542
## 635 Guinea-Bissau 2002 1332459 Africa 45.504 575.7047
## 636 Guinea-Bissau 2007 1472041 Africa 46.388 579.2317
## 647 Haiti 2002 7607651 Americas 58.137 1270.3649
## 648 Haiti 2007 8502814 Americas 60.916 1201.6372
## 659 Honduras 2002 6677328 Americas 68.565 3099.7287
## 660 Honduras 2007 7483763 Americas 70.198 3548.3308
## 671 Hong Kong China 2002 6762476 Asia 81.495 30209.0152
## 672 Hong Kong China 2007 6980412 Asia 82.208 39724.9787
## 683 Hungary 2002 10083313 Europe 72.590 14843.9356
## 684 Hungary 2007 9956108 Europe 73.338 18008.9444
## 695 Iceland 2002 288030 Europe 80.500 31163.2020
## 696 Iceland 2007 301931 Europe 81.757 36180.7892
## 707 India 2002 1034172547 Asia 62.879 1746.7695
## 708 India 2007 1110396331 Asia 64.698 2452.2104
## 719 Indonesia 2002 211060000 Asia 68.588 2873.9129
## 720 Indonesia 2007 223547000 Asia 70.650 3540.6516
## 731 Iran 2002 66907826 Asia 69.451 9240.7620
## 732 Iran 2007 69453570 Asia 70.964 11605.7145
## 743 Iraq 2002 24001816 Asia 57.046 4390.7173
## 744 Iraq 2007 27499638 Asia 59.545 4471.0619
## 755 Ireland 2002 3879155 Europe 77.783 34077.0494
## 756 Ireland 2007 4109086 Europe 78.885 40675.9964
## 767 Israel 2002 6029529 Asia 79.696 21905.5951
## 768 Israel 2007 6426679 Asia 80.745 25523.2771
## 779 Italy 2002 57926999 Europe 80.240 27968.0982
## 780 Italy 2007 58147733 Europe 80.546 28569.7197
## 791 Jamaica 2002 2664659 Americas 72.047 6994.7749
## 792 Jamaica 2007 2780132 Americas 72.567 7320.8803
## 803 Japan 2002 127065841 Asia 82.000 28604.5919
## 804 Japan 2007 127467972 Asia 82.603 31656.0681
## 815 Jordan 2002 5307470 Asia 71.263 3844.9172
## 816 Jordan 2007 6053193 Asia 72.535 4519.4612
## 827 Kenya 2002 31386842 Africa 50.992 1287.5147
## 828 Kenya 2007 35610177 Africa 54.110 1463.2493
## 839 Korea Dem. Rep. 2002 22215365 Asia 66.662 1646.7582
## 840 Korea Dem. Rep. 2007 23301725 Asia 67.297 1593.0655
## 851 Korea Rep. 2002 47969150 Asia 77.045 19233.9882
## 852 Korea Rep. 2007 49044790 Asia 78.623 23348.1397
## 863 Kuwait 2002 2111561 Asia 76.904 35110.1057
## 864 Kuwait 2007 2505559 Asia 77.588 47306.9898
## 875 Lebanon 2002 3677780 Asia 71.028 9313.9388
## 876 Lebanon 2007 3921278 Asia 71.993 10461.0587
## 887 Lesotho 2002 2046772 Africa 44.593 1275.1846
## 888 Lesotho 2007 2012649 Africa 42.592 1569.3314
## 899 Liberia 2002 2814651 Africa 43.753 531.4824
## 900 Liberia 2007 3193942 Africa 45.678 414.5073
## 911 Libya 2002 5368585 Africa 72.737 9534.6775
## 912 Libya 2007 6036914 Africa 73.952 12057.4993
## 923 Madagascar 2002 16473477 Africa 57.286 894.6371
## 924 Madagascar 2007 19167654 Africa 59.443 1044.7701
## 935 Malawi 2002 11824495 Africa 45.009 665.4231
## 936 Malawi 2007 13327079 Africa 48.303 759.3499
## 947 Malaysia 2002 22662365 Asia 73.044 10206.9779
## 948 Malaysia 2007 24821286 Asia 74.241 12451.6558
## 959 Mali 2002 10580176 Africa 51.818 951.4098
## 960 Mali 2007 12031795 Africa 54.467 1042.5816
## 971 Mauritania 2002 2828858 Africa 62.247 1579.0195
## 972 Mauritania 2007 3270065 Africa 64.164 1803.1515
## 983 Mauritius 2002 1200206 Africa 71.954 9021.8159
## 984 Mauritius 2007 1250882 Africa 72.801 10956.9911
## 995 Mexico 2002 102479927 Americas 74.902 10742.4405
## 996 Mexico 2007 108700891 Americas 76.195 11977.5750
## 1007 Mongolia 2002 2674234 Asia 65.033 2140.7393
## 1008 Mongolia 2007 2874127 Asia 66.803 3095.7723
## 1019 Montenegro 2002 720230 Europe 73.981 6557.1943
## 1020 Montenegro 2007 684736 Europe 74.543 9253.8961
## 1031 Morocco 2002 31167783 Africa 69.615 3258.4956
## 1032 Morocco 2007 33757175 Africa 71.164 3820.1752
## 1043 Mozambique 2002 18473780 Africa 44.026 633.6179
## 1044 Mozambique 2007 19951656 Africa 42.082 823.6856
## 1055 Myanmar 2002 45598081 Asia 59.908 611.0000
## 1056 Myanmar 2007 47761980 Asia 62.069 944.0000
## 1067 Namibia 2002 1972153 Africa 51.479 4072.3248
## 1068 Namibia 2007 2055080 Africa 52.906 4811.0604
## 1079 Nepal 2002 25873917 Asia 61.340 1057.2063
## 1080 Nepal 2007 28901790 Asia 63.785 1091.3598
## 1091 Netherlands 2002 16122830 Europe 78.530 33724.7578
## 1092 Netherlands 2007 16570613 Europe 79.762 36797.9333
## 1103 New Zealand 2002 3908037 Oceania 79.110 23189.8014
## 1104 New Zealand 2007 4115771 Oceania 80.204 25185.0091
## 1115 Nicaragua 2002 5146848 Americas 70.836 2474.5488
## 1116 Nicaragua 2007 5675356 Americas 72.899 2749.3210
## 1127 Niger 2002 11140655 Africa 54.496 601.0745
## 1128 Niger 2007 12894865 Africa 56.867 619.6769
## 1139 Nigeria 2002 119901274 Africa 46.608 1615.2864
## 1140 Nigeria 2007 135031164 Africa 46.859 2013.9773
## 1151 Norway 2002 4535591 Europe 79.050 44683.9753
## 1152 Norway 2007 4627926 Europe 80.196 49357.1902
## 1163 Oman 2002 2713462 Asia 74.193 19774.8369
## 1164 Oman 2007 3204897 Asia 75.640 22316.1929
## 1175 Pakistan 2002 153403524 Asia 63.610 2092.7124
## 1176 Pakistan 2007 169270617 Asia 65.483 2605.9476
## 1187 Panama 2002 2990875 Americas 74.712 7356.0319
## 1188 Panama 2007 3242173 Americas 75.537 9809.1856
## 1199 Paraguay 2002 5884491 Americas 70.755 3783.6742
## 1200 Paraguay 2007 6667147 Americas 71.752 4172.8385
## 1211 Peru 2002 26769436 Americas 69.906 5909.0201
## 1212 Peru 2007 28674757 Americas 71.421 7408.9056
## 1223 Philippines 2002 82995088 Asia 70.303 2650.9211
## 1224 Philippines 2007 91077287 Asia 71.688 3190.4810
## 1235 Poland 2002 38625976 Europe 74.670 12002.2391
## 1236 Poland 2007 38518241 Europe 75.563 15389.9247
## 1247 Portugal 2002 10433867 Europe 77.290 19970.9079
## 1248 Portugal 2007 10642836 Europe 78.098 20509.6478
## 1259 Puerto Rico 2002 3859606 Americas 77.778 18855.6062
## 1260 Puerto Rico 2007 3942491 Americas 78.746 19328.7090
## 1271 Reunion 2002 743981 Africa 75.744 6316.1652
## 1272 Reunion 2007 798094 Africa 76.442 7670.1226
## 1283 Romania 2002 22404337 Europe 71.322 7885.3601
## 1284 Romania 2007 22276056 Europe 72.476 10808.4756
## 1295 Rwanda 2002 7852401 Africa 43.413 785.6538
## 1296 Rwanda 2007 8860588 Africa 46.242 863.0885
## 1307 Sao Tome and Principe 2002 170372 Africa 64.337 1353.0924
## 1308 Sao Tome and Principe 2007 199579 Africa 65.528 1598.4351
## 1319 Saudi Arabia 2002 24501530 Asia 71.626 19014.5412
## 1320 Saudi Arabia 2007 27601038 Asia 72.777 21654.8319
## 1331 Senegal 2002 10870037 Africa 61.600 1519.6353
## 1332 Senegal 2007 12267493 Africa 63.062 1712.4721
## 1343 Serbia 2002 10111559 Europe 73.213 7236.0753
## 1344 Serbia 2007 10150265 Europe 74.002 9786.5347
## 1355 Sierra Leone 2002 5359092 Africa 41.012 699.4897
## 1356 Sierra Leone 2007 6144562 Africa 42.568 862.5408
## 1367 Singapore 2002 4197776 Asia 78.770 36023.1054
## 1368 Singapore 2007 4553009 Asia 79.972 47143.1796
## 1379 Slovak Republic 2002 5410052 Europe 73.800 13638.7784
## 1380 Slovak Republic 2007 5447502 Europe 74.663 18678.3144
## 1391 Slovenia 2002 2011497 Europe 76.660 20660.0194
## 1392 Slovenia 2007 2009245 Europe 77.926 25768.2576
## 1403 Somalia 2002 7753310 Africa 45.936 882.0818
## 1404 Somalia 2007 9118773 Africa 48.159 926.1411
## 1415 South Africa 2002 44433622 Africa 53.365 7710.9464
## 1416 South Africa 2007 43997828 Africa 49.339 9269.6578
## 1427 Spain 2002 40152517 Europe 79.780 24835.4717
## 1428 Spain 2007 40448191 Europe 80.941 28821.0637
## 1439 Sri Lanka 2002 19576783 Asia 70.815 3015.3788
## 1440 Sri Lanka 2007 20378239 Asia 72.396 3970.0954
## 1451 Sudan 2002 37090298 Africa 56.369 1993.3983
## 1452 Sudan 2007 42292929 Africa 58.556 2602.3950
## 1463 Swaziland 2002 1130269 Africa 43.869 4128.1169
## 1464 Swaziland 2007 1133066 Africa 39.613 4513.4806
## 1475 Sweden 2002 8954175 Europe 80.040 29341.6309
## 1476 Sweden 2007 9031088 Europe 80.884 33859.7484
## 1487 Switzerland 2002 7361757 Europe 80.620 34480.9577
## 1488 Switzerland 2007 7554661 Europe 81.701 37506.4191
## 1499 Syria 2002 17155814 Asia 73.053 4090.9253
## 1500 Syria 2007 19314747 Asia 74.143 4184.5481
## 1511 Taiwan 2002 22454239 Asia 76.990 23235.4233
## 1512 Taiwan 2007 23174294 Asia 78.400 28718.2768
## 1523 Tanzania 2002 34593779 Africa 49.651 899.0742
## 1524 Tanzania 2007 38139640 Africa 52.517 1107.4822
## 1535 Thailand 2002 62806748 Asia 68.564 5913.1875
## 1536 Thailand 2007 65068149 Asia 70.616 7458.3963
## 1547 Togo 2002 4977378 Africa 57.561 886.2206
## 1548 Togo 2007 5701579 Africa 58.420 882.9699
## 1559 Trinidad and Tobago 2002 1101832 Americas 68.976 11460.6002
## 1560 Trinidad and Tobago 2007 1056608 Americas 69.819 18008.5092
## 1571 Tunisia 2002 9770575 Africa 73.042 5722.8957
## 1572 Tunisia 2007 10276158 Africa 73.923 7092.9230
## 1583 Turkey 2002 67308928 Europe 70.845 6508.0857
## 1584 Turkey 2007 71158647 Europe 71.777 8458.2764
## 1595 Uganda 2002 24739869 Africa 47.813 927.7210
## 1596 Uganda 2007 29170398 Africa 51.542 1056.3801
## 1607 United Kingdom 2002 59912431 Europe 78.471 29478.9992
## 1608 United Kingdom 2007 60776238 Europe 79.425 33203.2613
## 1619 United States 2002 287675526 Americas 77.310 39097.0995
## 1620 United States 2007 301139947 Americas 78.242 42951.6531
## 1631 Uruguay 2002 3363085 Americas 75.307 7727.0020
## 1632 Uruguay 2007 3447496 Americas 76.384 10611.4630
## 1643 Venezuela 2002 24287670 Americas 72.766 8605.0478
## 1644 Venezuela 2007 26084662 Americas 73.747 11415.8057
## 1655 Vietnam 2002 80908147 Asia 73.017 1764.4567
## 1656 Vietnam 2007 85262356 Asia 74.249 2441.5764
## 1667 West Bank and Gaza 2002 3389578 Asia 72.370 4515.4876
## 1668 West Bank and Gaza 2007 4018332 Asia 73.422 3025.3498
## 1679 Yemen Rep. 2002 18701257 Asia 60.308 2234.8208
## 1680 Yemen Rep. 2007 22211743 Asia 62.698 2280.7699
## 1691 Zambia 2002 10595811 Africa 39.193 1071.6139
## 1692 Zambia 2007 11746035 Africa 42.384 1271.2116
## 1703 Zimbabwe 2002 11926563 Africa 39.989 672.0386
## 1704 Zimbabwe 2007 12311143 Africa 43.487 469.7093
gapminder is a data.frame so needs to be subsetted on two dimensions. gapminder[1:20, ] subsets the data to give the first 20 rows and all columns.
gapminder_small <- gapminder[c(1:9, 19:23),]
library("ggplot2")
ggplot(data = gapminder, aes(x = gdpPercap, y = lifeExp)) +
geom_point()
ggplot(data = gapminder, aes(x = year, y = lifeExp)) + geom_point()
ggplot(data = gapminder, aes(x = year, y = lifeExp, color=continent)) +
geom_point()
ggplot(data = gapminder, aes(x=year, y=lifeExp, by=country, color=continent)) +
geom_line()
ggplot(data = gapminder, aes(x=year, y=lifeExp, by=country, color=continent)) +
geom_line() + geom_point()
ggplot(data = gapminder, aes(x=year, y=lifeExp, by=country)) +
geom_line(aes(color=continent)) + geom_point()
The lines get drawn over the points.
ggplot(data = gapminder, aes(x=year, y=lifeExp, by=country)) +
geom_point() + geom_line(aes(color=continent))
ggplot(data = gapminder, aes(x = gdpPercap, y = lifeExp, color=continent)) +
geom_point()
ggplot(data = gapminder, aes(x = gdpPercap, y = lifeExp)) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.5) + scale_x_log10()
ggplot(data = gapminder, aes(x = gdpPercap, y = lifeExp)) +
geom_point() + scale_x_log10() + geom_smooth(method="lm")
ggplot(data = gapminder, aes(x = gdpPercap, y = lifeExp)) +
geom_point() + scale_x_log10() + geom_smooth(method="lm", size=1.5)
ggplot(data = gapminder, aes(x = gdpPercap, y = lifeExp)) +
geom_point(size=3, color="orange") + scale_x_log10() +
geom_smooth(method="lm", size=1.5)
ggplot(data = gapminder, aes(x = gdpPercap, y = lifeExp, color = continent)) +
geom_point(size=3, pch=17) + scale_x_log10() +
geom_smooth(method="lm", size=1.5)
starts.with <- substr(gapminder$country, start = 1, stop = 1)
az.countries <- gapminder[starts.with %in% c("A", "Z"), ]
ggplot(data = az.countries, aes(x = year, y = lifeExp, color=continent)) +
geom_line() + facet_wrap( ~ country)
ggplot(data = az.countries, aes(x = year, y = lifeExp, color=continent)) +
geom_line() + facet_wrap( ~ country) +
xlab("Year") + ylab("Life expectancy") + ggtitle("Figure 1") +
scale_colour_discrete(name="Continent") +
theme(axis.text.x=element_blank(), axis.ticks.x=element_blank())
ggplot(data = gapminder, aes(x = gdpPercap, fill=continent)) +
geom_density(alpha=0.6) + facet_wrap( ~ year) + scale_x_log10()